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LIBRARY 

THE  UNIVERSITY 
OF  CALIFORNIA 

SANTA  BARBARA 

PRESENTED  BY 

PRESTON    CLOUD 


PRESTDN    E.    CLDUD.  JR. 


SECOND  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY  OF  PEiNNSYLVANlA. 
REPOET  OF  PROGRESS. 

PPP. 


^ERATIOCARID^ 


FKO.M  THE 


UPPER    D  E  V  O  N I A  X    MEASURES 

IX  WARRKX  COUXTY, 
/ 

BY 

Chas.  E.  Beecheb. 

u 

With  Opiates. 


EURYPTERID^ 


FllOM  THE 


LOWER  PRODUCTIVE  COAL  MEASURES 
IX  BEAVER  COUXTY, 


A.VD  THE 


LOWER   CARBONIFEROUS,   PTTHOLE  SHALE, 
IN  VENANGO  COUNTY, 


Jamks  Hall. 
With  0  plates. 


II  A  RKIS  \\V]  RC;: 

PUBLISHED    BY    TIIP:    HOARD    OK   COM  MIHH10NBR8 
FOK  TUB  SECOND   <;  KOI.O'JICAI,   SL'UVKV.  ^ 

1K8  4.  \C\)    ^^' 


\V 


Entered,  for  the  Commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania,  in  the  j'ear  1884,  according 

to  acts  of  Congreas, 

By  WILLIAM  A.  INGHAM, 

Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Commissioners  of  Geological  Survey, 

In  tlie  office  of  the  Librarian  of  Congress,  at 

Washington,  D.  C. 


Electrotyppfl  and  printed  by 

LANE  S.   HAUT,   State  Printer, 

Hairisburjc,  I'a. 


BOARD    OF    COMMISSIONERS. 


His  Excellency,  ROBERT  E.  PATTISON,  Governor, 

and  ex-offieio  President  of  the  Board,  Harrlsburg 

Akio  Pardee, Hazleton. 

William  A.  Ingham, Philadelphia. 

Henry  S.  Eckert, Reading. 

Henry  McCormick, Harrisburg. 

James  Macfarlane, Towanda. 

Charles  A.  Miner, Wilkes-Barre. 

Joseph  Willcox, Media. 

Hon.  Daniel  J.  Morrell, Johnstown. 

Louis  W.  Hall, Harrisbnrg. 

Samuel  Q.  Brown, -    -  Pleasantville. 


SECRETARY    OF  THE  BOARD. 
William  A.  Ingham,       - Philadelphia. 

STATE   GEOI_OGIST. 
Peter  Lesley, Philadelpliia. 


ASSISTAxXTS  IN  1883. 


Professor  I.  C.  White,  geologist,  in  Huntingdon  county;  address  Morgan- 
town,  W.  V. 

Mr.  E.  V.  DInvillikrs,  geologist,  in  Centre  county;  711  Walnut  street, 
Philadelphia. 

Mr.  A.  E.  Lkhman,  geologist,  in  Cumberland  and  York  counties;  711  Walnut 
street,  Philadelphia. 

Dr.  H.  Martyn  Chance,  geologist,  in  Clearfield  county;  2423  Fairmount 
Avenue,  Philadelphia. 

Profe&sor  E.  W.  Claypole,  geologist,  in  Perry  and  Juniata  counties;  address 
in  future,  Akron,  O. 

Mr.  J.  Sutton  Wall,  M.  E.,  Monongahela  city.  Pa. 

Mr.  A.  S.  McCreath,  chemist;  223  Market  street,  Harrisburg. 

Mr.  Leo  Lesquerecx,  fossil  botanist;  Columbus,  Ohio. 

Mr.  E.  B.  Harden,  topographer,  in  charge  of  illustrations  for  reports,  and 
general  correspondence  at  head- quarters;  905  Walnut  street,  Philadelphia. 

Anthracite  Survey. 

Mr.  Chas.  a.  Ashburner,  geologist,  in  charge  of  the  Survey  of  the  An- 
thracite coal  fields;  headquarters,  address  907  Walnut  street,  Philadelphia. 

Mr.  Charles  B.  Scott,  assistant  and  secretary,  Philadelphia  office. 

Mr.  O.  B.  Harden,  topographer  and  artist,  Philadelphia  office. 

Mr.  Frank  A.  Hill,  assistant  geologist,  in  the  Northern  Coal  Field;  Scranton, 
Pa. 

Mr.  John  C.  Branner,  topographer,  in  the  Northern  Coal  Field ;  Scranton, 

Pa. 
Mr.  T.  J.  Williams,  assistant,  in  the  Northern  Coal  Field;  Scranton,  Pa. 
Mr.  A.  D.  W.  Smith,  aid,  in  the  Northern  Coal.Field ;  Scranton  Pa. 
Mr.  Arthur  Winslow,  as.sistant  geologist,  in  the  Eastern  Middle  Coal  Field ; 

Philadelphia  oflBce. 

Mr.  William  Griffith,  assistant,  in  the  Eastern  Middle  Coal  Field;  Pitts- 
ton,  Pa. 

Mr.  Bard  Wells,  assistant  geologist,  in  the  Western  Middle  Coal  Field  ; 

Pottsville,  Pa. 
Mr.  H.  N.  Sims,  assistant,  in  the  Western  Middle  Coal  Field ;  Pottsville,  Pa. 
Mr.  Baird  Halberstadt,  aid,  in  Western  Middle  Coal  Field  ;  Pottsville,  Pa. 


LETTER  OF  TRANSMITTAL. 


To  His  Excellency  Governor  Robert  E.  Pattison,  Chair- 
luaiL  of  the  Board  of  Commissioners  of  the  Second  Geo- 
logical Survey  of  Pennsylvania  : 

Sir  :  I  have  the  honor  to  present  two  reports  on  certain 
fossil  forms  found  in  Warren.  Venango,  and  Beaver  coun- 
ties, one  by  Mr.  Charles  E.  Beecher,  formerly  of  Warren, 
now  of  Albany,  N.  Y.,  and  the  other  by  our  distinguished 
American  palaeontologist,  Prof.  James  Hall,  of  Albany, 
who.  when  other  opportunities  failed,  kindly  volunteered 
to  study  and  describe  the  remarkable  crustacean  animals 
obtained  by  the  Hon.  I.  F.  Mansfield,  in  past  years,  from 
his  coal  mine  workings  at  Cannelton. 

Ml-.  Beecher  s  figures,  drawn  by  himself,  were  litho- 
graphed by  Breuker  &  Kessler,  of  Philadelphia. 

Mr.  Mansfield's  specimens,  exquisitely  drawn  by  Mr. 
George  B.  Simpson,  have  been  reproduced  in  fac  simile  by 
a  heliotype  process  in  Boston. 

The  Secoud  Geological  Survey  of  Pennsylvania  was 
planned  and  has  been  prospcuted  with  a  priuiary  view  to 
the  material  interests  of  the  Commonwealth,  the  practical 
study  of  the  rocks,  tlieir  structure  and  minei-al  contents, 
and  to  as  perfect  a  descrii)tion  of  them  as  ii  diligent  survey 
of  facts  could  :iflV)r(l.  with  maps  and  sections  and  occasional 
photograi)hi<;  views  for  illustration  ;  and  I  am  happy  to 
know  that  this  conception  of  the  proper  nature  of  a  State 
Survey  has  been  approved  by  the  Board  of  Commissioners, 
without  reserve  :  and  has  been  accepted  with  satisfaction 
also  by  intelligent  citizens  of  the  State,  whether  interested 
in  the  acquisition  of  such  knowledge  by  possessing  lands, 
or  desirous  of  acquiring  it  as  preparatory  to  exploring  or 
mining  lands. 

°  (V    PPP.) 


vi  V\T.     i:ki»(>im'  of  imjookkssj.     c  k.  bkeciiku. 

Hui  tht^  education  of  a  people  cannot  be  confined  within 
business  limits.  The  learning  of  mere  facts  cannot  advance 
the  discii)line  of  minds  beyond  a  certain  i)oint.  A  truly 
intelligent  people  wishes  to  know  the  causes  of  facts,  the 
reason  of  things,  their  relationships,  tlieir  history,  the  log- 
ical conclusions  of  every  kind  which  can  be  drawn  from 
them  by  investigation.  What  is  called  modern  science  is 
the  endeavor  to  satisfy  this  craving  of  human  intelligence 
for  something  more  and  something  nobler  than  mere  facts, — 
the  instinctive  conviction  of  our  age  that  education  must 
be  not  merely  accurate  but  also  wide  ;  that  it  is  shameful 
to  be  satisfied  with  mere  details;  that  apparently  useless 
truth  is  in  its  very  nature  delightful  and  elevating,  and  is 
sure  to  become,  sooner  or  later,  in  these  hands  or  in  those, 
in  one  direction  or  another,  and  always  unexpectedly, 
useful. 

Therefore,  while  the  plan  of  the  Survey  was  practical,  its 
geologists  have  always  kept  in  view  whatever  could  help  to 
effect  a  thorough  knowledge  of  the  geology  of  the  State  ; 
especially  those  vegetable  and  animal  forms  Avhich  are  im- 
pressed upon  or  imbedded  within  the  rock  formations 
which  underlie  the  soil. 

But  the  publication  of  this  branch  of  the  geology  of 
Pennsylvania  has  been  delayed  for  various  reasons — chiefly 
because  the  study  and  delineation  of  fossils  demand  the 
entire  time  and  exclusive  devotion  of  those  who  undertake 
it,  and  cannot  be  successfully  carried  on  bv  a  geologist  who 
is  commissioned  to  report  on  a  large  territory — to  map  an 
entire  county — in  one  held  season. 

SecondU'  :  The  collection  of  fossils  must  go  first, — their 
study  and  delineation  is  a  tedious  subsequent  performance. 

Thirdly  :  The  world  of  fossils  has  become  so  vast  and  the 
number  of  geologists  who  devote  themselves  to  its  investi- 
gation is  so  limited,  that  it  has  become  necessary  to  divide 
it  up  into  many  parts.  The  collections  of  deep  sea  sound- 
ings made  by  the  British  ship  Challenger  have  been  dis- 
tributed for  study  to  botanists  and  zoologists  in  every 
country  in  Europe,  and  even  in  America.  So,  in  the  study 
of  fossil  forms,  Carboniferous  plants  are  sent  to  one  expert, 


LETTER  OF  TRANSMITTAL.  PPP.   vii 

Cretaceous  and  Tertiary  j)lants  to  another,  Devonian  plants 
to  a  third.  Common  forms  of  shells  found  in  great  num- 
bers in  some  of  our  strata  are  recognized  by  every  geolo- 
gist; but  whenever  a  new  or  comparatively  rare  form  is  dis- 
covered the  specimen  is  sent  to  some  palaeontologist  of  ac- 
knowledged authority  at  whatever  distance  he  may  be  from 
the  place  where  the  discovery  is  made  ;  nor  would  an}*  ge- 
ologist attempt  to  describe  it  without  reference  to  museum 
collections  and  plates  in  published  memoirs.  And  the  same 
is  true  of  corals,  of  fish,  of  mammals.  Mr.  Mansfield  has 
had  to  wait  more  than  seven  years  to  get  his  Eurypterids 
properly  described  and  figured  as  they  are  in  this  report. 

That  the  Survey  has  not  been  unmindful  of  its  duty  in 
regard  to  palaeontology  is  shown  by  the  publication  of  the 
admirable  report  on  the  Coal  Flora  of  Pennsjdvania  and 
the  United  States  by  Mr.  Lesquereux,  who  has  been  occu- 
pied ten  years  in  its  preparation  and  publication  ;  *  and  by 
the  report  on  the  Permian  plants  of  Greene  county  and 
West  Virginia,  by  Prof.  Wm.  M.  Fontaine  and  Prof.  I.  C. 
White.  Prof.  E.  W,  Claypole's  report  on  Perry  and  Juni- 
ata counties  and  the  fossils  of  Middle  Pennsylvania,  the 
fruit  of  three  years'  field  and  office  work,  is  now  ready  to 
go  to  press.  Prof.  Angelo  Heilprin,  of  Philadelphia,  has 
volunteered  a  report  on  the  Permian  shells  of  Wilkes-Barre. 
And  in  the  various  reports  of  Prof.  Stevenson  and  Prof. 
White  will  be  found  copious  notes  of  the  distribution  of 
fossil  forms  through  the  column  of  rocks  in  their  respective 
districts. 

It  must  not  be  supposed,  however,  that  the  fossils  of 
Pennsylvania  have  been  adequately  studied.  In  fact,  their 
systematic  study  has  but  been  begun.  The  patient  field 
work  which  Prof.  Claypole  has  expended  upon  tlie  two 
counties  of  Perry  and  Juniata — or,  rather,  on  parts  of  these 
two  counties — must  be  bestowed  on  the  other  sixty-five 
counties  of  the  Slate  l)efore  it  can  be  said  that  this  part  of 
the  Geological  Survey  of  Pennsylvania  has  been  accom- 
plished.    A  good  beginning  has  certainly  been  made,  but  it 

*V()1.  Ill,  witli  thirty  new  platon,  now  tHMes  au(l  a  new  index,  is  just  is- 
suing IVoiii  the  State  i)rinlin<;  liouse  at  llarrishiirg. 


viii  VW.  KKi'oirr  of  I'K<»(;uess.     c.  e.  beecher. 

will  depend  upon  the  infelliijent  interest  of  the  citizens  of 
tlie  State  wlietlier  or  not  tlie  good  beginning  shall  be  pro- 
secuted to  a  good  end. 

If  the  question  of  utility  be  raised  ;  if  it  be  asked — as  it 
undoubtedly  will  be  by  the  common  run  of  l)usiness  men — 
AVI  Kit  is  the  use  of  such  a  report  as  the  one  I  have  now  the 
honor  to  transmit  to  you  '.  Why  sliould  the  State  expend 
the  hard-earned  money  of  its  citizens  in  publishing  draw- 
ings of  strange  creatures  buried  in  tlie  mud  of  ancient  peat- 
bogs or  in  the  sands  of  the  sea  bottom  of  ages  long  ago — 
creatuies  unlike  any  wliich  now  live,  creatures  belonging  to 
an  order  of  the  world  long  since  changed  and  done  away— 
I  have  no  definite  answer  to  make  to  such  a  question.  In 
a  business  sense  it  is  of  no  use  whatever,  if  one  regards 
merely  the  facts  drawn  on  the  page  plate.  But  even  the 
merest  business  man  will  comprehend  its  utility,  if  he  be 
interested  in  coal  mines  and  can  assure  himself  that  the  re- 
cognition of  certain  forms  in  one  particular  coal  bed  is  likely 
to  aid  him  in  identifying  that  particular  coal  bed  in  other 
localities.  The  study  of  fossil  shells  found  in  formations 
beneath  the  coal  measures  is  a  really  practical  guide  to  cer- 
tain limestone  beds,  and  sometimes  fixes  in  a  very  practical 
manner  the  order  of  rocks  containing  iron  ore  deposits,  es- 
i:)ecially  where  downthrow^  faults  have  disturbed  or  con- 
cealed that  order.  If  the  location  of  mineral  beds  has  any- 
thing to  do  with  the  order  of  formations,  which  no  intelli- 
gent person  questions,  and  if  the  study  of  fossils  is  a  help 
in  the  study  of  the  order  of  formations,  which  all  geologists 
know  to  be  true,  then  the  Government  is  justified  in  order- 
ing a  complete  survey  of  the  fossils  of  the  State,  and  the 
publication  of  their  forms  for  the  instruction  of  the  people. 

But  apart  from  all  money  considerations,  every  plate  of 
these  extinct  forms,  so  strange  to  living  eyes,  is  a  lesson  for 
each  and  every  man,  enlarging  the  range  of  human  educa- 
tion, and  discii)lining  the  intellect  to  the  love  and  compre- 
hension of  the  laws  and  forces  of  nature,  so  benificent  to 
mankind. 

J.  P.  Le.sley. 

PldJadelphia,  June  18,  188 J^.. 


CERATIOCARIDiE 

FROM    THE 

CHEMUNG  AND  WAVERLY  GROUPS  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


By  Chas.  E.  Beecher. 


The  literature  upon  the  subject  6i  the  paheozoic  pliyllo- 
pods  is  comparatively  very  meager  and  fragmentary.  An 
occasional  discovery  of  a  few  specimens,  as  in  the  present 
instance,  has  resulted  in  the  publication  of  one  or  more  new 
forms,  but  nothing  has  led  to  a  compilation  and  review  of 
the  palaeozoic  forms  of  the  whole  order.  The  trilobita 
forming  the  bulk  of  palaeozoic  Crustacea,  and  including  such 
varied  forms  and  numerous  species,  have  received  much  at- 
tention from  palaeontologists,  so  that  a  nearly  complete  mon- 
ograph of  this  order  is  now  possible  ;  while  of  the  Ameri- 
can ostracoda,  merostomata,  and  phyllopoda,  but  little  is 
yet  known  which  would  furnisL  materials  for  an  exhaust- 
ive monograph  of  the  fossil  species. 

In  the  present  pai)er  several  new  forms  are  j^resented  and 
considerable  structural  detail  is  hei-e  first  given  for  the  genus 
EcHiNocAKis,  Wh/ffeJd,  whicli  it  is  hoped  Avill  add  to  our 
knowledge  of  rhe  zoological  relations  of  this  and  allied 
genera. 


Bibliographical  History. 

1339. — The  first  ])aheozoic  fossils  of  this  order  were  found 
in  England  and  ])ublished  by  SirR.  Murcliison.  Professor 
L.  Agassiz  considered  tliem  as  fin -spines  of  iishes,  and  re- 

(I    VVV.) 


i?  VW.       i;i'  i'<'i;r  ok  i'K()(;kkss.     c.  k.  bkkciier. 

fenvd  tlieiH  lo  the  uvims  ONcirrs.  Only  the  separated  jior- 
ti(»ns  of  rlit'  nilid  rail  were  then  known,  and  this  reference 
was  nor  unnatural. 

18.")(). — These  fraunients  were  ascribed  to  Ptkkygotus  and 
consrimred  as  a  sub-genus  Li'n'TociiKLEs  by  Professor  Mc- 
Coy. In  the  same  publication  he  proposes  the  genus  Cera- 
. Tioc.vKis,  and  describes  rwo  species. 

ISol. — The  following  year  these  species  are  again  de- 
scribed by  Prof.  McCoy  and  properly  classed  with  the 
Phyllopoda,  which  has  since  been  the  receptacle  for  all  fossil 
forms  of  a  similar  nature. 

1S62. — In  1852,  Professor  Hall  made  the  first  announce- 
menr  in  America  of  the  discovery  of  fossils  similar  to  those 
described  by  Prof.  Agassiz  as  Onchus  miircJdsoni^  and 
described  the  species  Onchus  deweyi,  from  the  Niagara 
group  of  Xew  York.     {Pal.  JSf.   Y.   Vol.  it,  p.  320.) 

185 J. — M.  J.  Barrande  x^ointed  out  the  essential  identity 
of  the  fossils  described  under  the  names  of  Onchus  and 
Lki'TOCIIKLKS.  with  the  telson  and  movable  spines  of  Cera- 
TiocARis,  and  suggests  that  these  names  are  superfluous. 

Since  this  time  a  number  of  new  genera  have  been  estab- 
lislied  both  in  America  and  abroad,  of  which  only  those 
will  here  be  noticed  which  lead  directly  to  the  species  of 
the  ])resent  paper. 

1S6.J.— In  the  16th  Report  of  the  New  York  State  Cabinet 
of  Natural  History,  Professor  Hall  described  four  species 
of  this  order  and  referred  three  of  them  to  the  genus  Cera- 
TiocARis.  Two  of  these  have  since  been  recognized  as 
having  been  described  from  different  portions  of  individuals 
of  the  same  species,  and  are  now  united  under  one  species. 

1876. — In  1876  the  same  author  again  illustrated  these 
species  and  refered  to  one  as  Ceratiocaris  {Arlstozoe)  iiunc- 
tdtijs,  and  suggested  that  the  specimens  designated  as  Cera- 
tiocaris armatus  were  probably  identical  with  it.  {Illus- 
trations of  Devonian  Fossils,  j)^-  ^■^•) 

1879. — Dr.  A.  S.  Packard  recognizes  the  importance  of 
Nebalia  and  its  fossil  allies  and  their  relations  to  the  de- 
capods, and  ]  proposes  the  order  PJtyllocarida  for  their  re- 
ception.    {Zoology  American  Science  Series,  p.  103.) 


TERMINOLOGY.  PPP.   3 

18S0.—Frolessor  R.  P.  Whitfield  in  1880  (Am.  Jour.  Sci., 
vol.  xix)  described  three  allied  species  from  the  Devonian 
of  Ohio  and  established  the  genus  Echinocaris,  which  is 
to  include  also,  the  species  Ceratlocaris  {Aristozoe)  punc- 
tahts.  Hall. 

Tlie  present  paper  furnishes  one  new  species  belonging  to 
the  genus  Echinocaris  and  two  related  genera  considered 
as  new  to  science,  under  which  are  described  four  species. 

Besides  the  crustaceans  of  the  tj^pe  of  Ceratiocaris, 
Professor  J.  M.  Clarke  has  shown  (Am.  Jour.  Sci.,  Vols, 
xxiii  and  xxv,  1882-3,)  that  the  Devonian  series  furnishes 
another  distinct  but  allied  group  belonging  to  the  proto- 
type DiscixocARis,  Woodward.  For  the  reception  of  these 
species  he  has  erected  the  genera  Spathiocaris  and  Dipter- 

OCARIS. 

1883. — In  ''A  Monor/7-apk  of  the  North  American  Phil- 
lopod  Crustacea,^''  Dr.  A.  S.  Packard  reviews  the  genera  of 
the  family  ceratiocaridise  and  enumerates  the  described 
species. 

Terminology. 

In  the  use  of  descriptive  terms  for  the  different  mem- 
bers of  these  crustaceans,  it  has  been  deemed  advisable  to 
adhere  to  the  establislied  nomenclature,  with  perhaps  a 
few  slight  introductions  and  variations.  The  terminology 
used  is  explained  by  the  following  diagram. 

It  has  been  suggested  tliat  the  so-called  "optic  spots" 
of  McCoy  and  other  authors  may  only  be  frontal  bosses, 
and  not  connected  with  vision.  ■  In  recent  forms  such  as 
Apus  there  are  three  eyes  one  of  which  is  double  [Baird], 
other  genera  show  one  (double)  or  two.  In  the  species 
furnislied  with  a  rostrum  the  eyes  were  probably  stalked. 
None  of  the  genera  of  the  present  paper  have  yielded  any 
evidence  of  a  rostrjd  plate,  and  it  is  doubtl'ul  if  such  an 
appendage  will  be  discovered.  The  tubercle,  as  indicated 
above,  is  one  of  the  most  constant  features  of  the  carapace 
in  all  of  the  species  and  must  have  a  special  significance. 
In  a  number  of  specimens  examined,  by  the  writer,  under 
the  microscope  a  subcircular  depression  is  observed  at  or 


4  WW 


KlI'olM    <•!■    IM:(HiKi;ss.       c.  K.  IJEKCllEK. 


near  the  summit  of  tliis  tubercle  as  in  the  ooelli  of  Euryi^- 
fcrifs,  etc.  Tlie  fact  that  facets  cannot  be  discerned  is  no 
criterion  of  tlieir  absence  in  the  animal,  for  numerous  trilo- 
bites  and  Euryjjterus  have  as  yet  revealed  no  evidence  of 
the  compcnind  character  of  their  eyes,  and  on  the  other 
hand  many  species  have  large  and  distinct  facets.  It  has 
also  been  noticed  by  Professor  McCoy  that  this  spot  on  the 
carapace  is  darker  in  the  fossil  than  the  general  surface  of 
the  carapace,  indicating  the  presence  of  pigment  in  the 
animal  at  this  point.  In  the  specimens  of  Elymocaris 
siliqua,  Tropidocaris  hicarlnata  and  T.  interrupta  of  the 
present  paper  this  character  is  well  marked. 

«  Explanation  of  Fig-  1. 

1.  Anterior  margin. 


VC^^vve 


2.  Furrow     Imiiting     the 

cephalic  region. 

3.  Lower  or  ventral  mar- 

gin of  valve. 

4.  Dorsal-line  or  hinge. 

5.  Posterior  margin. 

6.  Articulating  surface  of 

somite. 


It    7.  Fimbria  or  setse. 


8.  Crenulated  inner  mar- 

gin of  spine  for  the 
attachment  of  setae. 

9.  Caudal  plate. 

10.  Abdominal  segments. 

11.  Thoracic  portion  of  the 

valve  extending  to 
the  furrow  limiting 
the  cephalic  area. 

12.  Longitudinal  ridge. 

13.  Nodes  on  the  thoracic 

area. 

14.  Cephalic  region. 

15.  Nodes  and  elevations. 

16.  Ej^e  tubercles  and  op- 

tic spots. 


ECHINOCARIS. 


PPP.  5 


Oeological  Range. 

The  following  table  gives  the  distribution  of  the  de- 
scribed species  of  the  genera  Echinocaeis,  Elymocaris 
and  Tropidocaris.  It  is  seen  that  the  number  of  species 
reached  its  maximum  in  the  Chemung  group,  which  would 
naturally  be  expected  from  the  almost  total  disappearance 
of  the  order  Trilobita  at  the  close  of  the  deposition  of  the 
Hamilton  group. 

Besides  the  species  of  the  list  here  given,  I  have  seen  two 
undescribed  species  of  Echinocaris,  from  the  Chemung 
group,  of  New  York ;  also  a  large  form  belonging  to  the 
genus  Elymocaris,  from  the  Hamilton  group  of  western 
N.  Y.  ;  and  another  species,  probably  belonging  to  the 
latter  genus,  from  the  same  horizon  in  the  central  i)art  of 
the  State. 


Echinocaris,   Whitfield. 

punctata.  Hall,  .  .  . 
lonfiicauda.  Hall,  .  . 
sublevis,  Whitfield,  .  . 
pustulosa,  Whitfield,  . 
multinodosa,  Whitfield, 
aocialis,   Beecher,  .   .   . 


Elymocaris,  Beecher. 
siliqua,  Beecher, 


Tropidocaris,  Beecher. 

bicarinata,  Beeoher, 
interrupta,  Beecher, 
alternata,  Beecher,  . 


XXX 
XXX 
XXX 
X 


i}  WV.         REPORT  OK  I'U(»(iUKSS.       C.  K.  BKKOHEK. 


Oi:i)Ku  PIIYLLOCARIDA,  iPAcKAiii),  1879.) 

Family  Ckkatiocarid^,  Salter,  18(50. 
Genus  ECHINOCARIS,  Whitfield,  1880. 

(^wi.  Jour.  Sci.,  Vol.  XIX,  p.  S4,  1880.) 

ECIIINOCARIS  punctata, 
Plate  I,  Figs.  13-16. 

Ceratxocaris  ?  punctntus,  Hall.    Sixteenth  Rep.  N.  Y.  State  Cab.  Nat.  Hist, 
p.  74.     1863 

Ceratiocaris  armatus,  Hall.     Sixteenth  Rep.  N.  Y.  State  Cab.  Nat.  Hist., 
p.  72.     1863. 

Ceratiocaris  a7-matits,  liAX.!^.    Illustrations  of  Devonian  Fossils.     Explana- 
tion of  PI.  23,  Figs.  4,  5.     1876. 

Ceratiocaris  {Aristozoe,)  punctatus,  Hall.     Illustrations  of  Devonian  Fos- 
sils.    Ex  pi.  Plate  23,  Fig.  7.     1876. 

Echinocaris pimctatus,  (Hall,)  Whitfield.     Am.  Jour.  Sci.,  3d  Ser.,  Vol. 
XIX,  p.  7.     1880. 

Capapace  obliquely  subovate  in  outline  ;  widest  just 
posterior  to  tlie  middle,  width  about  two- thirds  of  the 
greatest  length,  which  is  four-fifths  of  the  free  segments  of 
the  abdomen  ;  compressed  on  the  anterior  half,  becoming 
regularly  convex  over  the  posterior  portion. 

Dorsal  line  straight,  about  equal  to  the  width  of  the 
valves,  situated  anteriorly,  so  that  one-third  the  lengtli  of 
the  valves  projects  beyond  the  posterior  extremity  of  the 
hinge. 

Margins  distinctly  marked  by  a  thickening  of  the  test, 
rounded  in  front,  making  a  broad  curve  along  the  lower 
edge  of  the  valve,  more  rapidly  curving  around  the  lower 
jjosterior  portion,  and  extending  in  nearly  a  straight  line  to 
the  extremity  of  the  dorsal  line. 

The  cephalic  portion  of  the  caraj)ace  is  distinctly  marked 
by  a  fuiTow  beginning  at  a  i:)oint  a  little  anterior  to  the 
middle  of  the  dorsal  line,  curving  outward  and  extending 
to  a  point  on  the  lower  anterior  margin  of  the  valve.  This 
area,  therefore,  occupies  the  upper  anterior  portion  of  each 
valve,  and  is  of  a  broad  triangular  form  with  curved  sides. 
It   is   ornamented   by  a   large  rounded  elevation,  narrow 


ECIIINOCARIS.  PPP.  7 

towards  the  dorsum,  broad  and  convex  towards  tlie  lower 
portion,  and  occupying  nearly  one-half  of  the  entire  area. 
Near  the  center  of  the  limiting  furrow  and  just  anterior,  is  a 
strong  abruptly  elevated  node  carrying  the  optic  s]3ot,  which 
is  usually  marked  by  a  slight  depression  on  the  summit  of 
the  node.  There  is  also  a  small  node  in  each  valve  adjacent 
to  the  dorsal  line,  near  the  posterior  apex  of  the  area. 

The  thoracic  portion  of  the  carapace  is  marked  by  two 
large  tubercles,  a  long,  sharp,  doubly  curved  ridge,  and  a 
row  of  small  nodes  along  the  dorsal  line.  One  of  these 
tubercles  is  elliptical  in  outline,  oblique,  and  situated  near 
the  middle  of  the  anterior  end,  back  of  the  optic  node. 
The  other  elevation  is  elongate,  with  its  longest  diameter  at 
right  angles  to  the  hinge,  and  marked  by  a  small  subcentral 
node.  The  ridge  extends  near  the  lower  portion  of  the 
valve,  concave  to  the  margin  along  the  anterior  half  of  its 
extent,  recurving  and  nearly  following  the  contour  of  the 
lower  posterior  mai'gin  of  the  valve. 

One  specimen  has  been  observed  which  preserves  the 
mandibles  in  situ,  and  is  represented  in  Fig.  16  of  Plate 
I.  The  mandibles  are  broad  and  gibbous  on  the  anterior 
portion  becoming  narrow  below;  furnished  on  their  inner 
edge  with  a  low  of  denticles  ;  situated  near  the  center  of  the 
carapace,  and  are  nearly  one-third  the  length  of  the  valves. 

Abdomen  tapering  towards  the  posterior. end,  composed 
of  six  exposed  segments,  having  a  total  length  of  one-fourth 
greater  than  the  length  of  the  carapace.  The  segments  in- 
crease in  lengtli  towards  the  posterior  segment,  which  has  a 
length  equal  to  two  of  the  anterior  segments,  and  is  twice 
as  long  as  wide  ;  while  the  anterioi-  somites  have  a  gi-eater 
width  than  length.  The  anterior  dorsal  mai'gin  of  each  is 
tlii(;kened  and  arched  backwards  ;  the  posterior  margin  is 
furnished  with  fi-om  four  to  six  strong  s})ines,  which  projec^t 
over  the  articulation  of  the  succeeding  segment.  On  the  two 
anterior  joints  these  spines  are  much  shorter,  ai)i)earing  only 
as  nodes.  The  ventral  side  is  without  spines,  but  is  fui-nished 
with  broad  arti(Milating  faces.  These  characters  indicate  a 
great  freedom  of  motion  in  the  parts  of  tlie  abdomen  and  ac- 
count for  the  many  i)ositions  in  wliidi  this  member  is  found. 


S   rri"*.  KKI'OKT  OF   llNXiKKSS.       C.  K.   HHIX'H  >:!:. 

Tki.sox  short  and  bro:ul,  tint  and  quadrani^ular  on  the 
ventral  side  :  trianirnlar  and  carinated  on  the  dorsal  side, 
and  produced  info  a  long,  slender  spine,  having  a  length 
alxuit  equal  to  twice  that  of  the  posterior  segment  of  the 
alxloMien.  To  the  ventral  side  of  the  caudal  plate  are  ar- 
ticulated two  movable  spines,  about  equal  in  length  to  the 
spin! form  extension  of  the  telson.  These  spines  are  grooved 
ak)ng  their  lateral  margins,  and  marked  by  a  carina  on  their 
dorsal  face. 

Test  thin,  somewhat  thickened  on  the  margins  and  dorsal 
line  of  the  carapace,  and  at  the  articulations  of  the  abdomi- 
nal segments  ;  ornamented  over  the  entire  surface  of  the 
carapace,  mandibles,  abdomen,  and  tail  with  minute  gran- 
ules or  pustules,  Avliich  give  a  punctate  appearance  to  the 
whole. 

The  specimen  represented  in  Fig.  13  of  Plate  I  has  a 
length,  exclusive  of  the  tail  spines,  of  57  m  m.  The  cara- 
pace measures  30  m  m.  in  length,  20  m  m.  in  breadth,  and 
18  m  m.  along  the  hinge- line.  The  segments  of  the  abdo- 
men, beginning  with  the  anterior  one,  measure  respectively 
3.5,  3.7.  4,  4,  5,  and  8.5  m  m.  in  length, — showing  that  the 
posterior  segment  is  more  than  twice  the  length  of  any  of 
the  first  four  segments.  The  three  posterior  ones,  com- 
mencing with  the  distal  segment,  have  diameters  of  5.5,  7, 
and  8  mm.  respectively.  The  left  valve  of  this  species 
figured  in  the  16th  Rept.  N.  Y.  State  Cab.  Nat.  Hist,  has  a 
greatest  length  of  55  m  m.,  with  a  breadth  of  37  m  m. 
The  three  abdominal  segments  figured  in  the  same  publica- 
tion also  belonged  to  a  much  larger  individual  than  any 
noted  in  the  present  description. 

This  species  differs  from  £J.  sublenis,  Whitfield,  (Am. 
Jour.  Sci.,  Vol.  XIX,  p.  36,)  in  the  more  numerous  nodes 
and  tubercles  of  the  carapace,  the  curvature  and  direction 
of  the  ridge  along  the  thoracic  portion,  and  in  its  more  elon- 
gated abdominal  segments.  The  same  characters  serve  to 
distinguish  it  from  E.  pustulosa,  Whitfield,  (loc.  cit.,) 
with  the  addition  of  a  marked  difference  in  the  surface  or- 
namentation, which  in  that  sj^ecies  is  distinctly  pustulose. 
It  is  readily  distinguished  from  E.  socialis,  in  its  larger 


ECIIIXOCAKIS.  PPP.  9 

size,  less  conspicuous  and  differently  located  nodes,  and  in 
the  more  simple  character  of  the  ornamentation. 

This  well-marked  species  occurs  in  the  shales  of  the  Ham- 
ilton group  at  several  localities  in  the  central  portion  of  the 
State  of  New  York.  It  is  here  introduced  for  the  sake  of 
comparison,  and  for  a  better  elucidation  of  the  characters 
of  the  following  species.  I  am  indebted  to  Professor  James 
Hall,  for  the  permission  to  examine  and  figure  specimens 
of  this  species,  belonging  to  the  New  York  State  Museum,  at 
Albany.  These  collections  furnish  conclusive  evidence  of 
the  identity  of  the  abdomen  and  telson,  referred  to  Ceratio- 
caris  armatus,  with  the  carapace  described  as  Ceratiocaris  \ 
pinictatus. 

The  specimen  Fig.  16,  Plate  I,  is  the  only  one  yet  ob- 
served in  this  genus  showing  the  mandibles  and  their  posi- 
tion. In  1865  Professor  Henry  Woodward,  of  the  British 
Musetim,  described  and  figured  a  specimen  of  Ceratiocaris 
papllio  which  preserved  the  mandibles  and  showed  the  po- 
sition which  they  occupy  in  the  carapace.  These  two  ex- 
amples add  materially  to  our  knowledge  of  the  characters 
of  this  group,  and  with  the  nearly  entire  specimens  de- 
scribed in  this  and  in  the  succeeding  species,  furnish  us 
with  material  for  a  comparison  with  their  recent  ally — 
Nehalia. 

Some  of  the  specimens  are  covered  with  numerous  exam- 
ples of  a  small  species  of  Crania^  which  from  the  perfect 
preservation  of  the  EcJi  i nocar is  were  probably  attached  dur- 
ing the  life  of  the  crustacean.  The  shales  carrying  these 
remains  are  highly  charged  with  other  fossils,  among  which 
are  fragments  of  fishes,  Bei/richia^  Lepcrdilia,  Phacops^ 
Ilomalonotus^  OrtJcoceras^  Nautihcs^  Loxonema,  Pleuro- 
toviaria,  Bellerophon,  Platyostoma^  numerous  species  and 
genera  of  lamellibranchiata,  with  a  few  species  of  brachio- 
pods  and  bryozoaris. 

Associated  with  numerous  specimens  of  E.  pmictala  are 
frequently  found  mandil)les  or  jaws  of  the  form  I'epresented 
in  Figs.  9-11  of  Plate  11.  These  are  evidently  of  crustacean 
origin  and  although  somewhat  similar  in  form  to  the  mandi- 
bles undoubtedly  belongini;  to  E.  punctata,  they  probably 


10  PPP.     iiKPoiM-  OF  I'uor.r.Ess.     r.  e.  beeciier. 

belong  to  a  species  orlierwise  unknown.  In  general  form 
tliey  are  triangular  with  a  broad  Hat  manubrium  for  articu- 
lation or  the  attacliment  of  muscles.  Inner  or  masticating 
side  arclied  laterally,  concave  to  the  dorsal  side  of  the  cara- 
pace. Crown  lunate,  broadest  anterior  to  the  middle,  and 
furnished  with  a  row  of  usually  six,  more  or  less,  bicuspid 
denticles.  The  denticles  become  more  prominent  and  acute 
towards  the  posterior  extremity  of  the  crown,  where  they 
are  also  somewhat  oblique,  while  anteriorly  they  are 
broad  and  obtuse.  The  test  forming  the  crust  of  the 
mandible  reaches  a  thickness  of  more  than  one  mm.  over 
the  denticles,  but  becomes  very  thin  over  the  expansions  of 
the  sides  and  on  the  manubrium.  For  this  reason  very  few 
of  the  specimens  preserve  more  than  merely  the  row  of 
denticles. 

M.  J.  Barrande  has  figured  and  described  several  speci- 
mens of  a  similar  nature  and  has  referred  them  to  the 
genus  Ceratiocaris  from  their  association  with  species  of 
this  genus  in  the  Silurian  of  Bohemia.  It  is  therefore 
probable  that  these  portions  of  the  animal  do  not  furnish 
sufficient  generic  character  to  be  of  importance. 

Formation  and  localities. — In  the  shales  of  the  Hamilton 
group  ;  at  Delphi,  Pratt's  Falls,  and  the  shore  of  Cayuga 
lake,  New  York. 

ECHINOCARIS    SOCIALIS,    n.   Sp. 
Plate  I,  Figs.  1-12. 

Carapace  convex,  obliquely  ovate  in  outline,  widest 
posterior  to  the  middle,  length  about  one-third  greater  than 
the  width.  Dorsal  line  straight,  oblique,  having  a  length 
of  more  than  one-half  the  longest  diameter  of  the  valves. 
Margins  thickened,  carinated,  curving  outwards  over  the 
anterior  end  of  the  valves  at  nearly  right  angles  to  the  direc- 
tion of  the  hinge,  continuing  in  a  broad  curve  to  the  lower 
posterior  end,  where  the  margin  is  abruptly  rounded,  thence 
extending  in  nearly  a  straight  line  to  the  hinge. 

Cephalic  region  triangular  in  each  valve,  distinctly  lim- 
ited by  a  furrow  extending  from  tlie  center  of  the  dorsum, 
curving  outwards  and  downward  to  the  anterior  margin, 


ECHINOCAKIS.  PPP.   11 

and  occupying  about  a  foiirtli  of  each  valve.  This  area  is 
ornamented  in  eacli  valve  with  a  prominent  rounded  tuber- 
cle at  its  posterior  dorsal  apex  ;  and  a  large  rounded  eleva- 
tion occupying  the  whole  anterior  end  of  the  valve,  making 
in  all  four  prominent  elevations  on  the  cephalic  area.  The 
optic  node  is  situated  on  the  lower  side  of  the  largest  tuber- 
cle and  adjacent  to  the  limiting  furrow. 

The  thoracic  portion  of  the  valve  is  ornamented  with  an 
elongate  tubercle  near  the  middle  of  the  anterior  portion, 
produced  into  a  nodose  ridge  following  the  contour  of  the 
lower  margin  and  djing  out  before  reaching  the  posterior 
end.  A  similar  tubercle,  but  situated  transversely,  is  found 
in  the  upper  dorsal  portion,  and  is  continued  in  a  nodose 
ridge  adjacent  to  the  dorsal  line,  and  along  the  posterior 
margin  of  the  valve.  In  the  center  of  the  area  partially 
enclosed  by  these  two  ridges  is  a  less  prominent  longitudinal 
row  of  minute  nodes  forming  a  third  carina. 

The  valves  are  also  ornamented  with  minute  irregular 
tubercles  on  the  summits  of  all  the  elevated  portions  of  the 
valves,  a  single  row  appearing  along  the  three  ridges  and 
around  the  extreme  margin  of  the  posterior  portion. 

Abdomen  composed  of  six  naked  segments,  which  be- 
come more  elongate  towards  the  telson.  Somites  cylindri- 
cal, marked  by  a  thickened  rim  on  the  anterior  end  ;  orna- 
mented with  four  or  more  spinose  nodes  across  the  middle 
of  the  dorsal  side,  and  by  a  row  of  smaller  retral  si)ines  or 
nodes  around  the  posterior  dorsal  margin. 

Caudal  platk  short,  triangular,  produced  behind  into  a 
slender,  acute,  carinate  spine,  having  a  length  equal  to  one- 
half  the  abdomen;  also  two  lateral  movable  s})ines,  extend- 
ing as  far  as  the  prolongation  of  the  telson.     Test  thin. 

The  largest  carapace  observed  has  a  length  of  IS  mm., 
and  a  width  of  10  mm.  A  single  cercopod  belonging  to  a 
lai-ge  individual  has  a  length  of  25  mm.  A  small  entiie  ex- 
ample has  a  total  length  of  16  mm.,  of  wliich  6  mm.  pertain 
to  the  carapace,  0  mm.  to  the  abdomen,  and  4  mm.  to  the 
telson  and  spine. 

This  species  is  more  highly  ornamented  than  any  yet  de- 
scribed, and  is  the  only  one  of  the  genus  observed  in  the 


V2   PPP.       KKPOirr  OF-'  ITvOdKKSS.       C.  E.  BEECIIKU. 

rocks  of  the  Chemung  group  in  Pennsylvania.  It  somewhat 
resembles  J^J.  ptistulosd,  Whit  I".,  hut  has  more  nodes  and 
ridges  ornameuting  the  carapace,  and  is  without  t;he  entirely 
pustnlose  surface  of  that  species.  ^.  sithleois,  ^yhitf..  has 
hut  a  single  row  of  spines  on  each  abdominal  somite,  and 
the  lateral  ones  are  of  considerable  length. 

The  series  represented  in  Figs.  1—4  of  Plate  I,  shows  the 
dilierent  positions  of  the  abdomen  in  relation  to  the  cara- 
pace, which  have  been  observed,  and  illustrates  the  great 
flexibility  of  this  portion  of  the  animal.  Pig.  1  repre- 
sents the  abdomen  extending  in  the  direction  of  the  longer 
axis  of  the  carapace,  and  probably  shows  the  normal  posi- 
tion of  the  parts.  In  Fig.  2  the  abdomen  is  elevated  above 
the  dorsum.  Fig.  3  shows  the  valves  open,  with  the  ab- 
domen closeh^  curved  around  the  posterior  end  of  the  left 
valve.  The  specimen  represented  in  Fig.  4  has-  the  posi- 
tion of  the  abdomen  the  reverse  of  Fig.  1,  extending 
obliquely  from  between  the  anterior  ends  of  the  valves. 
Specimens  in  the  first  and  second  of  these  positions  are  rep- 
resented on  the  piece  of  rock  shown  in  Fig.  12,  which  also 
illustrates  the  abundance  of  specimens  in  some  portions  of  the 
shales.  The  single  fragment  in  question  contains  the  re- 
mains of  fifteen  separate  individuals,  nine  of  wiiich  are 
shown  on  the  side  represented  in  the  figure. 

The  specimens  of  Elymocaris  s  Hi  qua,  and  Tropidocaris 
hicariiiata.  which  have  been  thus  far  found,  are  associated 
with  this  species. 

Besides  the  remains  of  the  crustaceans  here  described, 
there  are  also  several  fragments  in  the  collections  from 
these  shales  which  belong  to  other  forms  of  Crustacea,  but 
are  too  obscure  to  furnish  satisfactory  information  as  to 
their  nature  and  characters.  In  addition  to  the  crusta- 
ceans are  numerous  species  of  lamellibranchiata  in  the  same 
occurrence  ;  also  one  or  two  species  of  brachiopoda,  an  Or- 
thoceras  and  the  teeth  and  scales  of  fish. 

The  data  furnished  by  the  specimens  of  E.  punctata  and 
E.  socialis  fix  the  number  of  naked  abdominal  segments  in 
the  genus  at  six. 

Formation  and  locality. — In  the  shales  at  the  base  of  the 


ELYMOCARIS.  PPP.   13 

Chemung  group  as  exposed  at  Warren,  Pa.  ;  belonging  to 
the  upper  strata  of  the  series  when  considered  in  relation  to 
the  entire  thickness  of  the  group  in  New  York  and  Penn- 
sylvania. 

ELYMOCARIS,  Nov.  gen. 
['5/y,u«-,  siliqua;  ^a/>:c,  caris.'\ 

Carapace  bivalve,  dorsal  line  nearly  equaling  the  length 
of  the  valves.  Valves  elongate,  longitudinally  sub-quad- 
rangular or  sledge-shaped,  extending  posteriorly  slightly 
beyond  the  hinge-line.  Margins  thickened,  regularly  curv- 
ing from  the  anterior  extremity  of  the  hinge,  making  a 
broad  sweep  along  the  lower  margin,  rapidly  curving  around 
the  lower  posterior  end,  and  extending  to  the  hinge. 

Cephalic  region  marked  by  a  distinct  optic  node  near  the 
anterior  end  of  the  valve,  behind  which  are  two  low,  broad 
elevations.  Thoracic  portion  regularly  convex.  Rostrum 
unknown. 

Abdomen  composed  of  two  naked  segments.  Telson  con- 
sisting of  a  short  broad  spine,  with  two  strong  lateral  spines, 
which  are  crenulated  along  their  inner  margins  for  the  at- 
tachment of  tinibria. 

Test  thin  and  without  special  ornamentation  in  the  typ- 
ical sjjecies  of  the  genus,  which  shows  only  vascular  striae 
along  the  margins  of  the  valves,  and  over  the  segments  of 
the  abdomen. 

This  genus  differs  conspicuously  from  Eciiinocauis  in 
the  form  and  ornanieiitation  of  the  valves,  and  in  the  num- 
ber and  character  of  the  segments  of  the  abdomen.  In  tlie 
outline  of  the  valves  it  is  very  similar  to  Troimixx^aiiis, 
and  is  distinguished  by  the  absence  of  the  strong  longi- 
tudinal ridges  presented  by  the  species  of  that  genus. 

Elymocaims   SII.IQTTA,  11.  SJ). 
Plate  II,  Figs.  I,  2. 

Carapace  i-Hgularly  convex,  pod-shaped,  dorsiil  line 
straight,  somewhat  shoi't^r  tlian  the  greatest  lengili  of  tlie 
valves.  Valves  elongate,  longitudinally  sub-(puidnnigul:ir 
or  rhomboidal  in  outline;  IfMigtli  e(|ual  to  tnoi'c  than  twice 
the  greatest  widtli.      Margins  thickened,  regularly  cui'ving 


14  PIM*.      KKi'our  OK  ri:<)(;i{Kss.     c.  k.  hkeciikr. 

outwards  and  backwards  over  the  anterior  end,  extending 
in  a  broad  oiirve  along  the  lower  margin,  rapidly  recurving 
around  tlie  lower  posterior  portion,  and  continuing  concave 
an<l  oliliquely  forward  to  the  extremity  of  the  hinge,  mak- 
ing rhe  hinge-line  appear  as  slightly  produced. 

The  cephalic  area  occupies  the  anterior  third  of  the  valves, 
and  is  marked  at  its  base  by  two  broad  flattened  oval  eleva- 
tions, of  which  the  lower  one  is  somewhat  the  larger.  Optic 
node  prominent,  situated  above  the  middle  of  the  area. 

Thoracic  region  convex  over  the  anterior  portion,  becom- 
ing flattened  on  the  posterior  half,  without  nodes  or  ridges. 

Abdomex  having  a  length  of  less  than  half  that  of  the 
valves,  composed  of  two  naked  cylindrical  segments.  The 
posterior  segment  is  one-third  longer  than  wide,  somewhat 
larger  at  its  anterior  end.  Anterior  segment  partially  con- 
cealed by  the  carapace  in  the  specimen  described.  The 
margins  are  slightly  thickened. 

Telsox  consisting  of  a  stout  triangular  spine  flattened  on 
the  ventral  side,  rounded  above,  and  marked  by  a  longitud- 
inal carina  along  the  middle.  Lateral  spines  longer  than 
the  extension  of  the  telson,  flattened;  margins  thickened  ; 
marked  by  two  sharp  longitudinal  ridges  on  the  dorsal  face. 
The  inner  edges  of  the  movable  spines  are  crenulate  for  the 
attachment  of  setse. 

Test  thin,  not  exceeding  xV  i^mi.  in  thickness,  minutely 
wrinkled  over  the  surface  of  the  valves,  except  on  their 
margins  and  the  abdominal  segments  which  are  ornamented 
witli  flne  curving  striae  or  vascular  markings. 

An  entire  left  valve  has  a  greatest  length  of  23  mm., 
width  10  mm.,  and  hinge-line  20  ram.  In  a  specimen 
preserving  a  portion  of  the  valves  with  the  abdomen  and 
its  appendages,  the  valves  have  a  width  of  11  mm.,  and 
the  length  from  the  distal  extremity  of  the  telson  to  the 
insertion  of  the  abdomen  with  the  carajjace  measures  20 
mm. 

The  three  specimens  of  this  species  observed,  present 
such  marked  differences  from  any  described  form,  that  it 
seems  advisable  to  arrange  them  under  a  new  generic  desig- 
nation.    The  presence  of  crenulations  along  the  inner  mar- 


TROPIDOCARIS,  PPP.  15 

gins  of  the  lateral  spines  of  the  tail  show  that  it  was  fur- 
nished with  fimbria  similar  to  those  illustrated  for  Dithyro- 
caris  neptuiii.,  Hall,  in  Illustrations  of  Devorilati  Fossils^ 
explanation  of  Plates  XXIT,  XXIII.  The  other  characters 
are  very  different,  however,  from  that  genus,  in  the  absence 
of  an  anterior  sinus  for  the  reception  of  the  rostral  plate,  the 
want  of  a  strong  ridge  on  the  valves,  the  posterior  spiniform 
projection  of  the  lower  posterior  end  of  the  valve,  and  in 
the  number  of  abdominal  segments.  The  posterior  spines 
of  Ditliyrocaris  are  not  a  mere  prolongation  of  the  upper 
surface  of  the  valves  but  are  produced  by  the  extension  of 
the  infolded  thickened  rim  of  the  lower  side  of  the  valves. 
Formation  and  locality.  In  the  lower  arenaceous  and 
micaceous  shales  of  the  Chemung  group,  as  exposed  at 
Warren,  Pennsylvania. 

TROPIDOCARIS,  nov.  get^. 
[r/yoTTf?,  carina;  z,'ipt^,  caris.l 

Carapace  bivalve,  semi-ovate  or  semi-elliptical  in  outline, 
obliquely  truncated  behind.  Dorsal  line  straight,  nearly 
equal  to  the  length  of  the  valves.  Valves  about  twice  as 
long  as  wide,  ornamented  with  one  or  more  strong  longitu- 
dinal ridges.  Cephalic  region  indicated  by  broad,  rounded 
elevations  on  the  anterior  ends  of  the  vnlves,  or  by  a  differ- 
ence in  convexity  from  the  remainder  of  thecarapace.  Optic 
node  well-marked,  and  in  the  species  known,  is  situated  on 
one  of  the  smaller  secondary  ridges.     Rostrum  not  observed. 

Two  segments  of  the  abdomen  are  known,  which  are  cyl- 
in-drical  and  without  nodes  or  spines.  The  extent  of  the 
telson  and  appendages  has  not  been  observed.  The  species 
described  show  a  range  of  from  lo  to  40  mm.  in  the  length 
of  the  carapace. 

This  genus  differs  in  tlie  form  and  ornamentation  of  thecar- 
apace from  Ckkatioc'AUIs.  Its  relations  witii  Ki.vmocaius 
are  quite  apparent  in  the  outline  of  the  valves  and  probably 
equal  number  of  segments  in  the  abdomen.  The  successive 
appearance  of  three  distinct  spe<!ies  having  a  similarity  of 
ornamentations  from  widely  se})arated  liorizons  indicates  a 
permanence  of  cliaracter  which  is  of  generic  importance. 


It;  P1*P.     KK.rour  OK  ri;<i(;i:Kss.     r.  k.  hkkchem. 

The  tluve  species  in  question  also  illustnUt^  in  a  very  satis- 
factory manner  the  successive  appeaiance  of  liiglier  types  in 
the  same  genus.  Beginniuu-wirli  T.  biatrindla,  at  the  base 
of  tlie  Cliemung  group  as  exposed  at  Warren,  Pennsylva- 
nia, we  have  a  species  exhibiting  but  two  strong  longitu- 
dinal ridges  on  each  valve.  Ascending  in  the  series  of  rocks 
at  tlie  same  h)cality,  and  near  the  uppei'most  beds  of  the 
Chemung  group,  is  found  T.  inierrupta^  the  valves  of 
which  are  each  ornamented  with  from  four  to  five  strong 
cariufB  and  several  shorter  intermediate  ridges.  Three  hun- 
dred and  tifty  feet  higher  in  the  series,  in  sandstones  of  the 
AVaverly  group,  occur  the  examples  of  T.  aUernata,  which 
show  a  still  farther  increase  in  the  number  of  longitudinal 
ridges  on  the  carapace,  and  with  a  still  greater  variation 
from  their  alternating  size  and  ornamentation. 

The  species  of  this  genus  are  conspicuously  different  from 
EcuixocARis  in  their  more  elongate  valves,  the  strong 
ridges  of  the  carapace,  and  in  the  absence  of  spines  or  nodes 
on  the  abdomen,  which  is  also  probably  composed  of  fewer 
segments. 

Tropidocaris  bicarinata,  n.  sp. 

Plate  II,  Figs.  3-5. 

Carapace  elongate,  semi-elliptical,  obliquely  truncated 
behind.  Dorsal  line  extending  nearly  the  entire  length  of 
the  valves.  Valves  quite  convex  transversely;  length  from 
two  and  one-half  to  three  times  the  width.  In  mature  in- 
dividuals, the  greatest  width  is  across  the  center  of  the 
length  of  the  valves.  Anterior  end  pointed.  Margins  reg- 
ularly curving  from  the  anterior  extremity  of  the  hinge,  to 
the  lower  posterior  end,  thence  rapidly  curving  inwards, 
and  extending  concave  and  slighth'  oblique,  to  the  ex- 
tremity of  the  hinge-line.  The  margins  are  strengthened  by 
a  thickening  of  the  test,  forming  a  rounded  striated  ridge, 
which  extends  the  entire  circumference  of  the  valves. 

Cephalic  region  occupying  about  one-fourth  the  area  of 
the  carapace,  indicated  by  a  slight  change  in  the  convexity 
of  the  valves  and  by  several  low,  obscure  elevations.  The 
valves  are  each  ornamented  with  two  strong,  longitudinal 


TROPIDOCARIS.  PPP.  17 

ridges  extending  nearly  their  entire  length.  The  ridge 
nearer  the  dorsal  line  commences  near  the  apex  of  the 
valve,  following  adjacent  and  parallel  to  the  dorsal  line  to 
the  base  of  the  cephalic  area,  and  then  diverging,  extends 
almost  to  the  posterior  end  of  the  valve,  at  about  one-third 
the  width  of  the  valve  from  the  hinge.  The  lower  ridge  also 
starts  from  the  apex  of  the  valve  and  is  slightly  curved, 
convex  to  the  lower  margin.  This  latter  ridge  is  much  more 
elevated  and  stronger,  than  the  upper  one,  and  is  situated 
midway  between  it  and  the  lower  margin  of  tlie  valve.  The 
optic  node  is  at  the  posterior  extremity  of  a  small  carina, 
between  the  two  prominent  ridges,  extending  to  the  base  of 
the  cephalic  area. 

Surface  of  the  carapace  marked  by  fine  sharp  irregular 
strife,  which  are  more  conspicuous  over  the  cephalic  area 
and  margins  of  the  valves  than  on  the  thoracic  portion. 

Abdomen  cylindrical,  gradually  tapering  to  the  posterior 
end.  But  two  segments  are  known,  of  which  the  anterior 
has  a  length  equal  to  its  transverse  diameter  ;  and  in  the 
posterior  segment  the  length  is  twice  the  diameter.  Lower 
edges  thickened,  anterior  margins  furnished  with  a  rim  for 
articulation  with  the  adjacent  segment.  Surface,  marked 
by  curved  striae,  which  meet  along  the  dorsal  side. 

Telsox  short  and  strong,  produced  into  a  spine  of  which 
the  entire  length  is  not  known.    Lateral  si)ines  not  observed. 

Test  comparatively  strong  on  the  margins  of  the  valves, 
the  ridges  of  the  carapace,  and  the  ends  of  the  abdominal 
segments. 

The  largest  valves  observed  have  a  length  of  39  mm., 
and  a  width  of  14  mm.  A  small  valve  has  a  lengtli  of  15 
mm.,  with  a  breadth  of  about  0  mm.  Two  segments  of 
an  abdomen  measure  respectively  3.5  and  6  mm.  in  length. 

This  species  is  distinguislied  from  T.  interrupia  and  T. 
alternata  by  having  only  two  prominent  ridges  on  eacli 
valve.  The  apices  of  the  valves  in  T.  interrupia  iwa 
mucronate,  and  in  7'.  alternata  every  alternate  ridge  is 
stronger  and  crenuliited  along  its  summit,  none  of  wliicli 
characters  appear  in  the  j)re8ent  species. 

The  description  of  the  abdomen  is  taken  from  ;i  specimen 
2  PPP. 


18  PPP.   HKPOKT  OF  PROGRESS.   C.  E.  KEECHER. 

wliich.  :ilthouc:li  not  found  attaclied  to  a  carapace,  is 
referred  to  this  species  on  account  of  the  similarity  in  sur- 
face ornamentation  and  from  its  association  with  specimens 
of  the  carapace  of  tliis  species. 

Formation  and  locality.  In  shales  at  the  base  of  the 
Chemung  group,  as  exposed  at  Warren,  Pa. 

Tropidocaris  ixterrupta,  n.  sp. 

Plate  II,  Fig.  6. 

Carapace  semi-oval  in  outline,  obliquely  truncated  be- 
hind, slightly  mucronate  in  front.  Dorsal  line  straight, 
somewhat  shorter  than  the  greatest  length  of  the  valves. 
Yalves  regularly  convex,  widest  in  the  middle,  length  more 
than  twice  the  greatest  breadth.  Lower  and  anterior  mar- 
gins regularlj^  curving  to  the  lower  posterior  end  of  the 
valve,  which  is  abruptly  rounded,  and  from  whence  the 
margin  is  concave  to  the  extremity  of  the  hinge. 

Cephalic  area  marked  by  a  slightly  greater  convexity 
than  the  remainder  of  the  valve,  and  showing  two  or  three 
obscure  rounded  elevations.  Optic  spots  indicated  by  a 
swelling  or  tubercle  on  one  of  the  short  ridges  extending 
from  the. apex  of  the  valves.  Valves  ornamented  with  three 
strong  ridges  which  extend  the  entire  length,  and  by  three 
or  four  similar  ridges  extending  more  than  one  half  the 
length  of  the  valves.  Also  on  the  cephalic  region  there  are 
from  four  to  five  smaller  carinse  which  extend  less  than 
half  the  length  of  the  valve.  Abdomen,  telson  and  append- 
ages unknown. 

Test  thin,  slightly  thickened  around  the  margins  of  the 
valves. 

The  right  valve  described  has  a  greatest  length  of  23  mm., 
a  width  across  the  middle  of  about  10  mm.,  and  the  dorsal 
line  measures  21  mm. 

The  carapace  of  this  species  somewhat  resembles  that  of 
T.  alterno.ta,  but  in  that  species  the  ridges  regularly  alter- 
nate in  size  and  the  stronger  ones  are  ornamented  with  a 
double  series  of  minute  pits  along  their  summits.  The 
greater  number  of  carinse  on  the  valves  readily  distinguishes 
it  from  T.  bicarinata. 


TROPIDOCABIS.  PPP.  19 

In  its  geological  position  this  species  occurs  about  two 
hundred  and  fifty  feet  higher  in  the  Chemung  series  than 
the  beds  carrying  T.  bicarinata,  and  about  three  hundred 
and  fifty  feet  below  the  beds  in  the  Waverly  group,  in 
which  are  found  T.  alternata.  These  beds  of  the  Chemung 
and  Waverly  groups  at  Warren  are  conformable  and  in 
uninterrupted  succession. 

Formation  and  locality. — In  soft  shales  belonging  to  the 
Chemung  group  as  exposed  at  an  elevation  of  three  hundred 
feet  above  the  Alleghany  river  at  Warren,  Pa. 

Tropidocaris  alternata,  n.  sp. 

Plate  II,  Figs.  7,  8. 

This  species  is  represented  in  the  present  collections  by 
two  imperfect  left  valves,  which  do  not  admit  of  an  extended 
description.  The  carapace  is  elongate,  at  least  twice  as  long 
as  wide,  and  quite  convex.  The  cephalic  region  is  marked 
by  two  broad,  rounded  elevations  on  the  lower  anterior  end 
of  the  valve,  and  by  a  prominent  node  produced  by  a  swell- 
ing and  elevation  of  one  of  the  secondary  ridges,  which  car- 
ries the  optic  spot. 

Valves  furnished  with  seven  or  more  very  prominent, 
longitudinal  ridges,  alternating  in  size,  and  continuing  the 
whole  length  of  the  thoracic  portion  of  the  carapace.  On 
the  line  separating  the  cephalic  area  these  ridges  are  more 
or  less  interrupted,  but  again  appear  and  continue  appar- 
ently to  the  apex  of  the  valve.  The  stronger  ridges  are  or- 
namented along  their  summits  with  a  double  row  of  minute 
pits,  while  the  intermediate  ones  are  simple  and  sharp.  Ab- 
domen and  telson  unknown. 

Distinguished  from  T.  m^<?rr?.^^^a  by  the  alternating  char- 
acter of  the  longitudinal  ridges  of  the  carapace.  One  of 
the  specimens  figured  shows  tlie  im])rint  of  the  jilates  of 
an  echinoderm  which  was  bedded  witli  it. 

Formation  and  locality. — In  the  sandstones  of  the  AVa- 
verly  group  at  Warren,  Pennsylvania,  associated  with  nu- 
merous species  of  brachioi)oda,  lamellibranchiata,  gastero- 
poda, and  other  fossils. 


20  PPP.       KEPOKT  OF  PKOOllESS.       C.  E.  BEEOIIER. 


EXPLANATION  OF  PLATES. 


Plate  I. 
EcHiNOCARis  sociALis,  Beecher. 
Page  10. 
Fig.    1.  A  small  example  with  the  abdomen  directed  pos- 
teriorly, in  a  line  with  the  longer  axis  of  the  car- 
apace. 

"  2.  A  similar  specimen,  in  which  the  abdomen  is  ele- 
vated above  the  dorsum. 

*'  3.  An  individual  with  the  valves  opened  and  the  ab- 
domen closely  curving  around  the  posterior  mar- 
gin of  the  left  valve. 

"  4.  Similar  to  the  preceding,  but  with  the  abdomen 
protruded  in  front  of  the  valves. 

"  5.  An  exailiple  j)reserving  the  carapace  and  four  na- 
ked segments,  showing  the  form  and  ornamenta- 
tion of  these  parts  of  the  test. 

"  6.  A  carapace  with  the  valves  opened,  showing  the 
distinct  furrow  limiting  the  cejDhalic  and  thoracic 
portions,  the  optic  si^ots  indicated  by  dotted  lines, 
and  the  nodose  ridges  and  elevations  ornamenting 
the  valves. 

"  7.  A  smaller  carapace,  presenting  immature  charac- 
ters, belonging  to  a  young  example. 

"  8.  Fragment  preserving  three  abdominal  segments, 
the  telson  and  lateral  spines  showing  the  form 
and  ornamentation. 

*'  9.  Two  segments  of  another  fragment,  enlarged  to  two 
diameters,  to  show  the  ornamentation  and  nature 
of  the  articulating  surfaces. 

"  10.  A  small  telson  with  the  attached  lateral  spines, 
showing  their  form  and  longitudinal  carinse. 

"  11,  A  piece  of  shale  with  an  impression  of  the  caudal 
plate,  and  with  one  of  the  lateral  spines,  belonging 
to  a  large  individual. 


EXPLANATION  OF  PLATES.  PPP.  21 

Fig,  12.  A  fragment  of  shale  preserving  the  remains  of  fif- 
teen young  individuals,   nine  of   which  are  to  be 
seen  on  the  side  represented  in  the  figure. 
Chemung  group  ;   Warren^  Pa. 

ECHINOCARIS    PUNCTATA,    Holl. 

Page  6. 

Fig.  13  A  nearly  entire  individual  showing  the  form  and 
relation  of  the  i)arts,  and  the  number  of  naked  ab- 
dominal segments. 

"  14.  An  enrolled  specimen,  with  the  valves  partially 
opened  and  the  abdomen  extended  along  the  ven- 
trum.  The  specimen  shows  in  a  very  satisfactory 
manner  the  optic  spots,  the  number  and  distribu- 
tion of  the  nodes,  and  the  limits  of  the  cephalic 
region. 

"  15.  id.  Lateral  view,  showing  the  position  of  the  ab- 
domen in  this  example.  The  specimen  is  flattened, 
and  does  not  represent  the  normal  convexity  of 
the  valves. 

"   16.  The  ventral  side  of  a  specimen  preserving  the  man- 
dibles in  situ. 
Hamilton  group  ;  New  York. 


PLATE  II. 

Elymocaris  siliqua,  Beecher. 

Page  13. 

Fig.  1.  A  specimen  wanting  tlie  anterior  portion  of  the 
carapace,  but  preserving  the  abdomen  and  telson, 
witli  its  appendages. 
''  2.  The  carapace  with  the  valves  separated,  showing 
their  form  with  the  ronnded  elevations  and  optic 
nodes  on  the  cephalic  ])()rtion. 
Chemung  group  ;   Warren^  Pa. 


22  PPP.   RKPOKT  OF  PROGRESS.   C.  E.  BEECHER. 

Tropidocakis  bicarinata,  Beeclier. 

Page  16. 

Fig.  3.  A  carapace  with  the  valve  opened  and  the  test 
somewhat  broken,  showing  the  eye-tubercles  and  a 
pair  of  longitudinal  ridges  on  each  valve. 
"  4.  The  right  valve  of  a  smaller  individual. 
"  5.  Two  segments  of  the  abdomen  with  a  portion  of 
the  telson  attached,  showing  the  form  and  orna- 
mentation of  the  somites. 

Chemung  group  ;   Warren^  Pa. 

Tropidocaris  interrupta,  Beecher. 

Page  18. 

Fig.    6.  A  right  valve  of  this  species  showing  the  form  and 
ornamentation. 
Chemung  group  ;   Warren.,  Pa. 

Tropidocaris  alternata,  Beecher. 

Page  19. 
Fig.    7.  An  imperfect  left  valve,  preserving  the  longitudinal 
ridges,  and  showing  the  tubercles  and  optic  node 
on  the  cephalic  portion. 
"      8.  A  fragment  of  a  large  left  valve,  bearing  the  im- 
press of  the  plates  of  an  echinoderm. 
Waverly  group  ;   Warren^  Pa. 

Mandibles. 

Page  9. 

Fig.    9.  A  specimen  preserving  the  manubrium,  and  show- 
ins  the  number  and  character  of  the  denticles. 

"    10.  The  inner  edge  of  a  smaller  example. 

"    11.  The  crown  of  a  large  specimen  with  the  denticles 
well-preserved  and  showing  its  arched  and  lunate 
form. 
•   Hamilton  group ;  New  YorTc. 


IS^OTE 

ON  THE 

EURYPTERID^ 

OF    THE 

DEVONIAN  AND  CARBONIFEROUS  FORMATIONS 

OF  PENNSYLVANT.l. 

By  James  Hall. 


In  April,  1877,  Mr.  Charles  E.  Hall,  of  the  staff  of  the 
Second  Geological  Survey  of  Pennsylvania,  commnnicated 
to  the  American  Philosophical  Society  the  description  of  a 
species  of  Eurypterus,  {E.  Pennsylvanicus,)trom.  the  Lower 
Carboniferous  rocks  of  Venango  county,  and  another  one 
from  the  coal  measures  of  Cannelton,  Pennsylvania,  under 
the  name  of  Eurypterus  {DoUcltopterus)  Mansfieldi,  from 
the  collection  of  Hon.  I.  F.  Mansfield.  The  length  of  rlie 
latter  specimen  described,  without  the  terminal  joint,  was 
two  and  three-fourths  inches. 

In  April,  1881,  Mr.  Mansfield  communicated  to  the  Philo- 
sophical Society  "a  drawing  of  a  fine  fossil  Kui'vptPi'us, 
found  by  him  in  the  shale  immediately  beneath  ih»'  l):ii- 
lington  cannel  coal  bed,  lower  ])rodu('tive  co:il  me:isuies." 
This  specimen  has  an  entire  length  of  nine  inches,  of  wiiicli 
the  telson  constitutes  about  three  inclies.  At  a  later  i)eriod 
Mr.  Mansfield  X)hicpd  his  collection  of  these  fossils  in  tiie 
hands  of  Professor  Lesley  to  be  described  and  ilhistrated  in 
the  publications  of  the  Geological  Survey.     Mr.  C.  E.  Hall 

(23  PPP.) 


24  PPP,      KKroKT  OF  iMioGravss.     james  hall. 

liaviiiii"  I'onipleted  his  work,  and  being  no  longer  connected 
Avitli  the  Survey,  the  specimens  have  been  placed  in  the 
hands  of  the  writer  for  study  and  illustration. 

The  specimens  of  sliale  containing  these  remains  amount 
to  more  than  twenty  in  number,  some  of  them  containing 
only  fragments  of  the  fossil  crustaceans,  and  nearly  all  of 
them  containing  coal  plants.  Two  of  the  fossils  are  very 
large  and  fine  specimens,  being  nearly  complete.  Several 
other  smaller  specimens  are  essentially  complete  in  their 
parts  and  well-preserved,  though  from  extreme  compression 
in  the  black  shale  it  is  difficult  to  see  the  details  of  the  organs 
and  the  surface  sculpture.  Several  of  the  fragmentary  i)or- 
tions  and  separated  organs  of  the  fossils  are  very  interest- 
esting  and  instructive. 

A  critical  examination  shows  what  are  apparently  two 
very  distinct  forms,  which  can  be  clearly  characterized,  be- 
sides other  portions  of  much  larger  forms,  which  are  at 
present  unknown  in  their  entire  condition.  All  the  better 
preserved  specimens,  as  well  as  all  the  separated  members 
or  fragmentary  portions  having  any  important  significance, 
have  been  drawn  in  a  very  complete  and  artistic  manner  by 
Mr.  George  B.  Simpson,  and  are  reproduced  in  heliotype. 

Although  several  species  of  this  family  have  been  de- 
scribed from  the  carboniferous  rocks  of  Europe,  we  have 
heretofore  known  but  a  single  species  from  rocks  of  the 
same  age  in  America.  In  the  American  Journal  of  Science^ 
VoL  46,  p.  21,  1868,  Messrs.  Meek  and  Worthen  published 
the  description  of  Eurypterus  {Anthraconectes)  Mazo- 
nensis  from  the  coal  measures  of  Grundy  county,  Illinois, 
and  the  same  is  illustrated  and  farther  described  in  the 
third  volume  of  the  reports  of  the  Geological  Survey  of  Illi- 
nois, page  H44,  1868.  The  accompan\dng  illustration,  with 
the  explanations,  is  copied  from  the  volume  cited  : 


EURYPTERUS. 


PPP.  25 


Fig.  2. — EuRYPTERUS  (Anthraconectes)  Mazonensis  -nat.  size. 

"a,  b,  c.  Crusbed  and  broken  legs  as  they  appear  in  the  specimen,  tlie  di- 
"  visions  not  being  all  natural  articulations. 

"/t,  h,  h,  h,  h.  Impressions  of  angular  ends  of  tlio  dorsal  half  of  body  seg- 
"  ments. 

"  m.  Hypostoma  in  place;  in^,  the  same  enlarged  to  sliow  tlie  scale-like 
"sculpturing. 

"  P.  One  of  the  paddles  or  swimming  feet  in  a  broken  condition.  Its  divi- 
"  sion  at  i  seems  to  be  a  natural  articulation. 

"<7,  g.     Basal  joints  of  same;  x,  enlarged  surface-sculpturing  of  Iho  latter. 

"AT.  Mesial  appendage  of  the  oi)erculum ;  1,  S,  .i,  its  apparent  articula- 
"tionsj  8,  s,  two  little  accessory  pieces;  x,  x,  t,  t,  lateral  alae  of  operculum. 

"o.     Position  of  rnouth." 

.  After  descril)ing  the  fossil  and  its  parts  the  aiithors  re- 
mark :  "From  some  of  the  cliaracters  mentioned  above  it 
"will  be  seen  tliat  this  fossil  differs  from  thetyjiical  forms 
"of  Euryj)terus,  particularly  in  the  great  length  and  sini- 


26  PPP.      liEPturr  ov  ruoouESs.     james  hall. 

''pie  exriemity  of  the  mesial  appendage  of  its  operculum, 
"as  well  as  in  the  possession  of  two  little  spatulate  supx^le- 
"mentary  pieces  (ss).  Hence  we  very  strongly  suspect 
"  that  other  characters  will  be  found,  when  better  speci- 
"niens  can  be  studied,  showing  it  to  belong  to  a  distinct 
"  sub-genus,  if  not  indeed  to  an  entirely  distinct  genus  from 
"Eurypterus  proper,  in  which  case  we  have  proposed  for  it 
"the  name  Anthraconectes." 

Whether  these  differences  noted  are  of  sufficient  impor- 
tance to  constitute  generic  or  subgeneric  distinction  may 
perhaps  admit  of  different  opinion,  depending  upon  the  in- 
terpretation of  the  relative  value  of  variations  of  certain 
parts  of  the  organism. 

A  specimen  from  Mazon  creek  for  many  years  (from  1860) 
in  my  own  collection  and  now  in  the  American  Museum  of 
Natural  History  in  New  York  City,  appears  to  be  not  only 
identical  with  this  one,  but  a  counterpart  or  impression  of 
the  specimen  described  by  Messrs.  Meek  and  Worthen  (see 
Fig.  3).  It  is  less  complete  in  its  appendages,  but  the  form 
and  proportions  of  the  body  and  the  measurement  of  the 
parts  correspond  in  all  particulars.  The  mesial  appendage 
of  the  thoracic  plate  extends  to  the  sixth  segment,  as  shown 
by  a  median  ridge  extending  to  that  point,  but  it  cannot  be 
determined  whether  the  posterior  extremity  is  simple  or  bi- 
furcate. The  lines  indicating  the  anterior  attachment  of  this 
plate  are  visible  but  obscure.  The  existence  of  the  two 
lateral  accessory  plates  shown  in  the  preceding  figure  can- 
not ])e  determined,  and  the  apparent  jointing  of  the  median 
appendage  of  the  thoracic  plate  is  produced  by  the  impress 
of  the  articulating  surfaces  of  the  body  segments. 

The  accompanying  figure  will  illustrate  this  specimen  and 
is  given  for  the  xnirpose  of  comparison  with  the  figures  upon 
Plates  IV,  V  and  VI  of  this  paper.  So  far  as  evidence  from 
this  specimen  goes  there  are  no  means  of  separating  it  from 
Eurypterus  proper,  the  post  lateral  processes  of  the  articula- 
tions, which  become  spinif  orni  below^,  being  only  a  greater  de- 
velopment of  corresponding  parts  in  forms  of  that  genus. 

In  comparison  with  the  specimens  from  the  coal  measures 
of  Pennsylvania,   the  Illinois  species  is  more  robust,   the 


EURYPTERCrS. 


PPP.  27 


joints  of  the  palpi  and  the  entire  palpi  are  longer,  and  the 
body  is  conspicuously  shorter  and  broader. 


'   / 

^^^^  ^^\ 

Fig.  ,?.— EuRYPTKRUs  (Anthraconeotes)  Ma7,oni:nsis,  Meek  niul  Worlli- 
en.    A  figure  of  the  specimen  wl)icli  forms  the  matrix  or  reverHeof  Fig.  2. 

The  Cannelton  specimens  possess  the  characters  of  t\  jii- 
cal  Enrypterus  in  all  the  more  irn])()rrant  parts.  Tlie  car- 
apace is  in  all  respects  tliat  of  Euryptei'us  ;  the  form  and 
position  of  the  eyes  are  the  same.  The  body  and  telson  are 
entirely  identical  with  species  of  that  <i^enus.  Tlie  median 
appendage  of  the  tlior:icic  i)late  is  narrow,  elongate,  and 
bifurcate  at  the  posterior  extremity  as  in  Eurypterus.    The 


28  PPP,         KEroUT  OF  PKOGUKSS.      JAMES  HALL. 

metastomn  or  post-oral  plate  found  both  in  the  same  associ- 
atit)n  anil  attached  is  of  similar  form,  with  a  proportionally- 
greater  width  than  in  the  ordinary  forms  of  Eurypterus, 
and  api)roaches  more  nearly  to  the  form  of  the  same  ap- 
pendage in  Pterygotus.  The  single  dactylus  at  the  extrem- 
ity of  the  palpi  corresponds  with  known  forms  of  Eurypte- 
rus described  by  Mr.  Henry  Woodward,  and  may  also  be  com- 
pared with  the  corresponding  part  of  Pterygotus.  The  spini- 
form  extensions  at  the  post-lateral  extremities  of  the  seg- 
ments of  the  body  and  thorax  are  but  a  more  extreme  devel- 
opment of  a  feature  which  is  common  to  all  true  Eurypte- 
rides,  and  can  scarcely  be  considered  of  generic  importance. 

In  the  elongated  joints  of  the  swimming  foot  and  their 
serrated  margins  the  Pennsylvania  forms  resemble  Doli- 
chopterus,  and  may  be  referred  to  that  sub-genus  with  as 
much  propriety  as  to  any  other  sub-generic  form.  In  this 
respect  the  Eurypterus  {Antliraconectes)  Mazonensls  is  still 
more  similar  to  Dolichopterus  in  its  simple  elongate  median 
appendage  of  the  thoracic  plate.  The  two  small  accessory 
lateral  plates  of  the  median  appendage  of  that  species  have 
not  been  detected  in  E.  Mansfieldi,  and  their  presence  in 
the  former  species  may  perhaps,  if  verified,  be  considered  as 
of  sufficient  importance  for  the  separation  of  that  form  as  a 
sub-genus.  Finally,  the  forms  are  not  as  far  removed  from 
the  typical  species  of  Eurypterus,  in  any  of  their  charac- 
ters, as  are  several  of  those  which  Mr.  Woodward  has  de- 
scribed from  the  Upper  Ludlow  rocks  of  England,  and  which 
he  does  not  hesitate  to  place  under  the  genus  Eurypterus. 

The  Pennsylvania  forms  are  quite  unlike  the  European 
carboniferous  species  in  their  general  aspect  and  j^ropor- 
tions,  as  well  as  in  the  details  of  parts  of  their  organization, 
and  in  these  respects  more  nearly  resemble  the  tyjiical  forms 
or  the  genus. 

In  addition  to  the  two  very  well-marked  forms  described, 
there  are,  in  the  collections  examined,  several  fragments  of 
other  crustaceans  of  this  family  which  cannot  be  satisfac- 
torily referred  to  genus  and  species.  Two  of  these  are  fig- 
ured on  Plate  IV,  Figs.  9,  10.  The  specimen,  Fig.  9,  is  an 
ectognath  belonging  to  a  large  form  of  which  we  have  also 


EURYPTERUS. 


PPP.  29 


other  evidence  in  a  fragment  of  a  large  somite  which  is  too 
imperfect  to  be  usefully  illustrated.  The  specimen,  Fig.  10, 
presents  the  inner  surface  of  a  fragment  of  some  large  crusta- 
cean, which  is  broken  and  incomplete  along  the  upper  mar- 
gin, as  shown  in  the  figure.  This  may,  perhaps,  have  been  a 
portion  of  a  large  ectognath  of  some  sj)ecies  of  this  famih'. 
In  addition  to  the  above  mentioned  forms,  Mr.  C.  E. 
Beecher  has  placed  inmy  handsfor  description  a  well-marked 
species  of  Eurypterus  from  a  sandstone  of  the  Chemung 
group  at  Warren,  Pennsylvania.  This  species  is  the  first 
one  noted  from  this  horizon  and  is  of  considerable  interest. 

Tabular   view^  of   the    Geological   Distkibutiox   of 
the  family  eurypteridie  in  the  united  states. 


/ 

<D 

s 

© 

(D 

3 

ID 
u 

"3 

K 

u 
to 
A 

a 

S 

a 

OS 

6 

bD 

c 

i 

o 

3 
i 

o 

2 

a 
o 

u 

6 

Eurypterus,  DeKav,  1825, 

E.  Beecheri,  Hall,       

E.  Dekayi,  Hall,      

E.  Eriensix,  Wliittield,    .... 

+ 

+ 
+ 

2 

'+ 
1 

+ 

.    . 

E.  lacustris,  Harlan,         .    . 
E.          "        var,  robustus,  Hall, 
E.  Mnnsfieldi,  C.  E.  Hall, 
E.  Mazonensis,  Meek  and  Wor- 
then,                                ... 
E.  micropthalmus.  Hall,     .    .    . 
E.  pachychierus,  Hall,             .    . 
E.  Pennsylvanicus,  C.  E.  Hall, 

E.potens,  Hall,       

E.  puHcaris,  Salter, 

E.  pustulosti-t,  Hall, 

E.  remipes,  DeKay, 

E.  stylus,  Hall,            

E.  telragonopthalmua,  Fischer, 

16 

Dolichopterus,  Hall,  18.59,' 

D.  macrocheirus,  Hall,     .... 

Pleryf/otus,  Ag»s.siz,  1830,        .... 
P.  Buffaloensis,  Pohlmaii,     .    . 
P.  Cohhi,  Hall, 

P.  Ournminr/si,  firoteand  Pitt,  . 
P.  macroplhabnus.  Hall,    .    .    . 
P.  Osborni,  Hall, 

Stytovurus,  Pago.  18.5fi,        .... 
<S'.  Excelsior,  Hall,         

+ 

7 

+ 

+ 

+ 
+ 

+ 
+ 

6 

80  PPP.       KEroKT  OF  i'iu)c;kkss.     .ia.mks  hall. 

MEROSTOMATA. 

EuuYPTEKUS,  Dekay,  1825. 

EuRYPTERUs  Bi:eciieri,  n.  sp. 

Plate  III,  Fig.  1. 

Carapace  unknown.  Body  elongate,  very  convex  along 
the  dorsum,  composed  of  twelve  free  segments  wliich  grad- 
ually increase  in  breadth  from  the  head  backwards  to  the 
fifth  somite,  from  whence  they  rapidly  decrease  in  width 
and  increase  in  length,  until  the  eleventh  segment  has  a 
length  equal  to  half  its  Avidth,  while  in  the  fifth  segment  the 
breadth  is  four  times  its  length.  Lateral  margins  of  the 
segments  flattened,  and  slightly  extended  backwards  on 
the  post-lateral  angles,  forming  a  mucronate  projection. 
The  posterior  tergal  margin  of  each  somite  is  ornamented 
with  several  triangular  scales  or  nodes,  pointing  towards 
the  telson.  The  number  of  these  nodes  on  each  segment 
decreases  from  the  anterior  segment,  which  has  eight  or 
more,  to  the  tenth  somite  which  is  furnished  with  six.  The 
number  on  the  two  posterior  segments  is  not  known,  on  ac- 
count of  their  imjDerfect  preservation  in  the  specimen  de- 
scribed. 

Two  joints  of  one  of  the  great  swimming  feet  are  pre- 
served, which  are  remarkable  for  their  great  length  and  for 
three  or  more  strong  longitudinal  carinse  ornamenting  them. 
The  distal  joint  of  the  two  has  a  length  of  more  than  three 
times  its  breadth,  while  the  other  has  a  length  of  nearly 
five  times  its  breadth.  These  joints  are  probably  the  third 
and  fourth  from  the  attachment  of  the  limb  and  correspond 
to  the  basos  and  ischium  of  a  typical  decapod.  Telson  and 
other  appendages  unknown.     " 

The  twelve  free  segments  of  the  body  have  a  total  length 
of  96  mm.,  and  the  width  of  the  fifth  segment  is  41  mm. 
The  body  measures  39  mm.  across  at  the  first  segment  and 
25  mm.  at  the  tenth.  The  longer  joint  of  the  natatory  ap- 
pendage has  a  length  of  30  mm. 

The  specimen  from  which  the  present  description  is  taken 
was  found  in  a  bed  of  fine  grained  sandstone  occurring  in 
the  Chemung  group  at  Warren.     Although  lacking  many  of 


EURYPTERITS.  PPP.  31 

the  important  members  and  appendages  of  the  animal,  the 
body  is  sufficiently  well-preserved  to  distinguish  the  spe- 
cies, which  is  also  characterized  by  the  ornamentation  of 
the  joints  of  the  swimming  limbs.  The  occurrence  of  crus- 
taceans of  this  character,  in  these  rocks,  is  so  rare  that 
ever}^  specimen  is  of  importance. 

E.  Pennsylvanicus  is  a  smaller  and  more  fragile  form  ; 
they  cannot  be  directlj^  compared  on  account  of  the  imper- 
fection of  the  material. 

Formation  and  locality.     Chemung  group;  Warren,  Pa. 

EUEYPTERUS    PENJSrSYLVAlSriCUS. 

Plate  V,  Fig.  18. 

Eurypterus  Pennsylv aniens,  C.  E.  Hall,  Proc.  Am.  Phil.  Soc. ;   Vol.  VII, 

p.  621,  1877. 

Carapace  semi-circular  ;  length  a  little  more  than  half  the 
breadth ,  post-lateral  angles  mucronate. 

Eyes  situated  on  the  anterior  half  of  the  carapace,  sepa- 
rated by  a  distance  equal  to  about  one-half  the  breadth  of 
the  head.  Midway  between  the  eyes  is  a  small  flat  node  or 
elevation,  on  each  side  of  which  is  a  larger  longitudinal 
prominence.  There  are  also  two  similar  nodes  above  the 
posterior  margin.  The  posterior  angles  show  two  oblique 
short  ridges.  These  elevations  of  the  carapace  probably 
indicate  the  positions  of  internal  organs  and  the  points  of 
attachment  of  muscles. 

The  surface  ornaments  are  not  well-preserved,  the  speci- 
men shows  numerous  small  tubercles,  esjDecially  over  the 
posterior  portion. 

The  carapace  has  a  length  of  8.5  mm.  and  a  breadth  of 
15  mm. 

The  shape  of  the  carapace  and  rlie  arrangement  of  the 
nodes  is  quite  different  from  E.  Manftfiddi,  and  tlie  geo- 
logical i)Osition  is  considerably  higher  in  tlie  series  than  E. 
Beecheri. 

IPorniatiou  and  locality.  \\\  an  arenaceous  shaln  ;  at 
Rooker  farm,  Pithole  City,  Venango  Co.,  Pa. 


'S'2  VW.       UKi'oiM-  oi'  i'K<>(;i:i:ss.     .iamks  hall. 
ErKYPTKiirs  Maxsfikldi. 

Pliitos  IV,  Figs.  1-8;  V,  Figs.  1-11 ;  VI,  Fig.  1 ;  VII,  Fig  1 ;  VIII,  Figs.  1-3. 

Dolichopterus  Mansfieldi,  C.  E.  Hall,    Proc.  Am.  Phil.  Soc.  Philad.  Vol. 

XVI,p.6Sl,  1877. 

Carapace  semi-oval,  nearly  one  fourth  broader  than  long  ; 
sides  oblique,  nearly  straight ;  margin  indented,  distinctly 
limited.  Eyes  reniform,  prominent,  situated  a  little  for- 
ward of  the  centre  of  the  carapace  and  about  midway  between 
a  median  line  and  the  lateral  margins.  Between  the  eyes 
are  two  broad  rounded  longitudinal  elevations  and  below 
are  two  similar  oblique  diverging  prominences. 

Abdomen  increasing  in  breadth  from  the  carapace  to  the 
fourth  segment,  then  gradually  decreasing  to  the  seventh 
segment,  which  is  a  little  more  than  three-fourths  the 
width  of  the  fourth  ;  the  body  narrows  abruptly  at  the 
eighth  segment  which  is  about  one-half  the  width  of  the 
fourth.  The  last  segment  is  longer  than  wide  and  about 
one-half  the  width  of  the  eighth.  The  posterior  angles  of 
the  six  anterior  somites  are  acute  and  slightly  produced, 
the  seventh  is  considerably  extended  and  the  five  posterior 
somites  are  armed  with  strong  angular  retral  si:)ines.  The 
first  segment  is  anchylosed  to  the  carapace. 

The  telson  is  very  narrow  and  attenuate;  its  length  about 
one-third  of  the  entire  animal;  extremity  acuminate. 

There  are  four  simple  palpi,  of  which  the  fourth  ^Dair  pro- 
ject beyond  the  margin  of  the  carapace  for  a  distance  equal 
to  the  width  of  the  carapace,  and  expose  five  joints  exclusive 
of  the  terminal  spine.  The  first  pair  expose  only  the  last 
two  joints.  The  margins  of  the  joints  of  the  palpi  are  ser- 
rated, and  the  outer  posterior  angles  are  produced  into 
spines.  The  palpi  terminate  in  a  long  curved  spine  or  free 
dactylus. 

The  large  swimming  feet  near  the  carapace  are  comj)osed 
of  short,  broad  joints.  The  penultimate  joint  has  a  length 
more  than  twice  its  width.  The  palette  is  elongate  ellipti- 
cal in  form,  with  the  anterior  terminal  margin  serrate.  A 
small  acute  terminal  plate  is  inserted  in  the  ajDex. 

The  median  appendage  of  the  thoracic  plate  is  compara- 


EURYPTERUS.  PPP.   33 

tively  very  long,  being  six  time^  as  long  as  wide;  the  ex- 
tremity is  divided  into  four  lobes,  two  of  which  form  the  ex- 
tremity proper,  while  the  other  two  are  Just  anterior  thereto. 
The  lobes  are  triangular,  and  the  anterior  pair  are  orna- 
mented with  five  or  six  strong  plications.  In  the  angle  be- 
tween the  distal  pair  is  a  short  process  which  may  be  the 
point  of  attachment  of  a  small  terminal  appendage.  Other 
parts  of  the  epistoma  unknown.  Two  of  the  maxillse  have 
been  observed  in  position  ;  tliey  do  not  differ  conspicuously 
from  other  described  forms  of  the  genus. 

Metastoma  ovate,  bilobate  at  the  smaller  end. 

Surface  ornamented  with  minute  imbricating  scales.  On 
the  posterior  tergal  portion  of  each  somite  the  scales  are 
larger  and  triangular.  The  lateral  processes  of  the  first  six 
segments  and  lateral  margins  of  the  carapace  are  marked 
by  sharp,  oblique  striae.  The  i:)rocesses  of  the  posterior 
segments  are  nearly  free  from  ornamentation,  being  some- 
times marked  by  one  or  two  strife.  The  telson  appears  to 
be  free  from  the  characteristic  ornamentation  of  the  other 
portions  of  the  test.  On  the  metastoma  the  scales  are  larger 
and  more  irregular  than  on  the  segments. 

A  large  and  nearly  entire  individual  has  the  following  di- 
mensions :  Extreme  length  from  the  anterior  margin  of  the 
carapace  to  the  extremity  of  the  telson,  228  mm.;  length 
of  carapace,  31  mm.;  width  of  fourth  somite,  53  mm,; 
width  of  last  somite,  15  mm.;  length  of  telson,  80  mm. 
The  smallest  specimen  observed  has  a  length  of  83  mm.,  of 
which  30  mm.  belongs  to  the  telson. 

This  species  differs  from  E.  sttjlus^  with  which  it  is  asso- 
ciated, in  its  greater  size,  so  far  as  oKserved,  the  more  elon 
gate  form  of  the  carapace,  more  api)roximate  eyes,  shorter 
palpi,  and  compaiatively  much  shorter  and  more  slender 
telson.  The  cnud;il  spine  of  E.  Maiisfieldi  is  usually  about 
one-third  the  length  of  the  entire  animal,  while  in  E.  .sfi/Iits 
it  occupies  nearly-one  half  of  the  entiiv  length. 

E.   Mazonensis,  M.   k  ^V..    froMi    the  co.-il    measures  of 
Illinf)is,  l)ears  a  close  restMiil)lance  to  this  si)ecies   in  gen- 
eral form  and  suiface  oj-iianieiitation,  but  the  carapace  is 
shorter  and  mo]-e  regularly  rounded. 
3  PPP. 


'M  PPP.       UKPoirr  OF  I'UotiUKss.     .iamks  hall. 

The  specimen  represented  in  P^ig.  1  of  Plate  IV  is  here 
given  in  outline  with  the  metastonia  and  maxillse  in  posi- 
tion. These  parts  can  scarcely  be  detected  on  the  finished 
drawing  on  acconnt  of  the  obscnrity  of  the  specimen,  and 
the  falsification  which  would  result  if  these  features  were 
brought  out  conspicuously. 


Fig.  4 EuRYPTERis  Mansfieldi. 


-metastoma.     6,  b. — maxillae. 


^  Foriaatioii  and  locality. — Found  in  the  shale  immedi- 
ately below  the  Darlington  cannel  coal,  near  Cannelton, 
Darlington  township,  Beaver  county,  Pennsylvania.  Hor- 
izon, Alleghany  river  series. 


EURYPTERUS    STYLUS,    71.  Sp. 
Plate  V,  Figs.  12-15. 

Carapace  broadly  semi-oval  or  semi-circular  ;  length  more 
than  two-thirds  the  width  ;  margin  distinctly  limited.  Eyes 
situated  on  a  line  across  the  middle  of  the  length  of  the 
carapace  and  distant  about  one-fourth  the  breadth  from  the 
margin. 

Abdomen  wide  to  the  seventh  segment,  then  abruptly 
narrowed  and  gradually  decreasing  in  width  to  the  telson. 
The  first  somite  is  anchylosed  to  the  carapace.     The  widest 


EURYPTERUS.  PPP.  35 

part  of  the  body  is  across  the  fourth  segment,  which  is 
more  than  three  times  the  width  of  the  last  one. 

Telson  very  long,  having  a  length  equal  to  nearly  one- 
half  tlie  length  of  the  entire  animal. 

The  palpi  and  swimming  feet  are  comparatively  longer 
than  in  the  preceding  species. 

Test  marked  by  minute  imbricating  scales.  On  the  pos- 
terior tergal  position  of  the  carapace  and  somites  the 
scales  are  larger  than  on  the  other  jiortions  of  the  surface. 

A  somewhat  distorted  specimen  has  a  length  of  99  mm.,  of 
which  49  mm.  pertain  to  the  telson  ;  the  width  of  the  fourth 
somite  is  22  mm.  and  of  the  last  one  7  mm. 

This  species  is  distinguished  from  E.  Mansjieldi  by  its 
shorter  carapace,  com[)aratively  wider  body,  longer  and 
stronger  telson  and  the  eyes  are  more  oblique  and  distant. 

Formation  and  locality. — Found  in  the  shale  immedi- 
ately below  the  Darlington  cannel  coal,  near  Cannelton, 
Darlington  township,  Beaver  county,  Pennsylvania.  Hor- 
izon, Alleghany  river  series. 


8(5  PPP.       KKi'ouT  OF  pr;<>(;r:i<<.     jamks;  hall. 


EXPLANATIONS  OF  PLATES. 


PLATE  III. 

EURYPTKRUS    BeECHERI. 

Page  SO. 

Fig.    1.  Dorsal  view  of  rlie  si:)ecimen  described,  showing 
the  form  of  the  body,  the  number,  size,  and  orna- 
mentation of  the  segments,  and  also  a  portion  of 
the  large  swimming  appendages. 
Chemung  group.      Warren.,  Pa. 

PLATE  IV. 

EURYPTERUS    MaNSFIELDI. 

Page  32. 

Fig.  1.  The  head  and  first  abdominal  segment,  with  the 
palpi  and  other  appendages  attached.  A  j^ortion 
of  the  segment  and  lower  part  of  the  carapace  is 
removed  showing  the  median  appendage  of  the 
thoracic  plate. 

Fig.  2.  A  small  individual,  enlarged  to  three  diameters. 
The  palpi  of  the  right  side  and  telson  are  restored 
from  other  specimens.  The  lateral  processes  of  the 
segments  are  not  preserved. 

Fig.  3.  A  si:)ecimen  of  the  natural  size,  represented  on  a 
block  of  shale  and  showing  the  ferns  and  other 
plant  remains  Avith  which  it  is  associated. 

Fig.  4.  The  fourth  palpus  of  the  right  side  enlarged  to  two 
diameters,  showing  the  form  and  surface  ornament- 
ation. 

Fig.  5.  The  second  or  third  palpus  from  the  right  side, 
enlarged  to  two  diameters. 

Fig.  6.  The  last  two  joints  of  the  large  swimming  foot, 
enlarged  to  two  diameters. 


EXPLAXATIOXS  OF  PLATES,  PPP.  37 

Fig-.  7.  A  terminal  joint  of  one  of  the  large  swimming  feet, 
showing  the  serrated  margin  enlarged  to  two  diam- 
eters.    The  terminal  plate  is  restored  in  outline. 

Fig.  8.  A  separated  metastoma,  showing  the  form  and  or- 
namentation enlarged  to  two  diameters. 

EUKYPTERUS    POTENS,    n.   Sp. 

Fig.    9.  A  portion  of  a  large  ectognath. 

Fig.  10.  A  large  fragment  of  indeterminate  relations,  possi- 
bly a  portion  of  a  large  ectognath.  A  colony  of 
Splrorhis  is  represented  on  the  upper  right  hand 
angle  attached  to  some  underlying  substance,  prob- 
ably of  a  plant. 

PLATE  V. 

EUKYPTERUS    MaNSFIELDI. 

Page  32. 

Fig.  1.  An  imperfect  specimen,  preserving  the  segments  of 
the  abdomen,  the  telson  and  the  large  swimming 
appendages. 

Fig.  2.  A  smaller  individual,  nearly  entire,  showing  on  the 
last  abdominal  segments  what  appear  to  be  the  ar- 
ticulating surfaces  of  the  segments,  or  folds  pro- 
duced by  the  pressing  together  of  the  ujiper  and 
under  surfaces. 

Fig.  3.  A  large  spt-cimen,  showing  the  entire  form.  Four 
of  the  palpi  are  preserved,  and  a  portion  of  the 
right  swimming  foot  has  been  uncovered  under  the 
abdonnnal  segments.  The  specimen  being  too  long 
for  the  plate,  the  extremity  of  the  telson  is  repre- 
sented as  broken  and  its  continuation  given  above. 
The  spinous  pro(;esses  at  the  post-lateral  angles  of 
the  segments  are  \vell-i)reserved,  and  sliow  a  dis- 
tinctive ornamentation. 

Fig.  4.  An  enlai'geuient,  to  six  fliauH'ters,  of  the  edge  of  a 
portion  of  the  left  lateral  niMriiin  of  tlie  segments, 
showing  the  striated  edge  and  ilir  n.niow,  triangu- 
lar scales  uilli  iiiiiiiitc  interniedjnte  scales. 


38  1*P1\         KKPOUT  OF  rUOGKKSS.       JAMKS    HALL. 

Fig.  T).  An  enlai"o;pinent,  to  ten  (li;iin«'tei's,  to  show  the 
change  from  the  acute  scales  near  the  margin  to 
sliort  and  more  rounded  forms. 

Fig.  6.  An  enlargement  from  rlie  middle  of  a  segment, 
showing  the  minute  imbricating  scales  along  the 
anterior  portion  and  large,  triangular  scales  on  the 
middle  and  lower  portion.  The  figure  represents 
also  the  posterior  and  anterior  portions  of  the  adja- 
cent segments. 

Fig.  7.  An  enlargement  of  the  test  where  it  is  ornamented 
with  narrow,  triangular  scales. 

Fig.  8.  Enlargement  showing  small  and  large  rounded  im- 
bricating scales. 

Fig.  9.  A  small  carapace  showing  the  characteristic  elon- 
gate form  of  this  part  of  the  animal. 

Fig.  10.  The  caudal  sjDine  of  a  small  individual. 

Fig.  11.  A  fragment  of  shale  preserving  two  detached  lat- 
eral processes  of  the  segments,  enlarged  to  two  di- 
ameters. 

EURYPTERUS    STYLUS. 

Page  3.'^.. 

Figs.  12, 13.  Two  carapaces  referred  to  this  species,  showing 

their  form  and  ornamentation. 
Figs.  14,  15.  Two  individuals  of  this    species,  showing  the 

broad  form  of  the  body  and  the  strong  telson. 

Undetermined  j-ragmknts. 

Fig.  16.  A  fragment  of  shale  preserving  several  fragments 
of  somites  of  undetermined  specific  relations. 

Fig.  17.  An  obscure  fragment,  i:)ossibly  a  portion  of  an 
ectognath. 

El^RYPTEKUS    PENNSYLVANICUS. 

Page  31. 

Fig.  18.  A  view  of  the  carapace  described,  showing  its 
broad  form,  produced  posterior  angles  and  the  ar- 
rangement of  the  nodes  on  the  surface. 


EXPLANATIOXS  OF  PLATES.  PPP.  39 

PLATE  VI. 

EURYPTERUS    MaNSFIELDI. 

Page  32. 
A  large  specimen  preserving  the  carapace,  abdftmen  and 
telson  nearly  entire,  with  three  of  the  palpi  of  the  left  side. 
A  portion  of  the  test  is  removed  along  the  median  line  ex- 
posing the  process  of  tlie  epistoma  or  median  appendage  of 
the  thoracic  plate.  This  fignre  shows  ver\^  satisfactorily 
the  mode  of  occurrence  and  association  of  these  fossils. 

PLATE  VII. 

EURYPTERUS   MaISTSFIELDI. 

Fage  32. 
The  abdomen  and  telson  of  a  specimen  as  it  is  seen  lying 
in  the  shale.     Heliotyped  directly  from  a  plaster  cast  of  the 
specimen. 

PLATE  VIII. 

EURYPTERUS   MaNSFIELDI. 

Page  32. 

Fig.  1.  A  specimen  preserving  the  body  and  telson,  and 
showing  in  a  very  perfect  degree  the  surface  sculp- 
turing. This  drawing  M'as  made  from  the  si)eci- 
men,  Plate  VII 

Fig.  2.  An  imperfect  individual  as  it  is  seen  lying  on  a 
block  of  shale  with  some  fragments  of  ferns  and 
other  plant  remains. 

Fig.  3.  A  separated  palpus  enlarged  to  two  diamet«M-s  show, 
ing  the  form  and  ornamentation  of  the  joints.  \n 
this  specimen  the  terminal  dactylus  and  latend 
spine  are  free. 


THE  publicatio:n^s 

OF    THE 

Second  Geological  Survey  of  Pennsylvania. 


REPORTS  FOR  1874,  1875,  1876,  1877,  1878, 1879, 1880,1881,  1882,  AND  1883-1884. 

Reports  have  been  issued  by  tlie  Board  of  Commissioners,  and  the  prices 
thereof  tixed  in  accordanoo  with  the  law  autiiorizing  their  publication,  as  fol- 
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ANTHRACITE  COAL  FIELDS. 

A'.  Special  Report  to  the  LEaisLATURE  itpon  the  Causes,  Kinds, 
AND  A.MOUMT  OF  W ASTE  IN  MINING  ANTHRACITE.  By  Franklin  Piatt, 
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Price  Wetherill,  Mining  Engineer.  Illustrated  by  35  tignres  of  mining  opera- 
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burnor,  Assistant  Geologist,  1881.     8vo.,  pp.  134.     Price.  $1  10;  postage,  80  12. 

AC.  Report  ox  the  Minin(j  Methods  and  Appliances  used  in  the 
Anthracite  Coal  Fields.  By  H.  M.  Ciianco  :  withanatlasof  2)  pla'es  ;  54  plates 
and  60  illustrations  in  the  text.     Price,  .^1  40;  postage,  SO  2'). 

AC.  Atlas  Coal  Mining  Plates  I  t  >  XXV.  By  H.  M.  Cliance.  Price, 
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AA.  First  Report  of  Progress  in  the  Anthracite  Region,  with  a 
description  of  the  Geology  of  the  Panther  Creek  Basin,  or  Eastern  End  of  the 
Southern  Field.  By  Chas.  A.  xVshburner,  Geologist  in  Charge ;  with  an  atlas 
of  13  sheets  of  maps  and  sections;  (5  page  i>lates,  and  2  folded  plates  in  the 
Report.  Appendix  A  :  Determination  of  the  latitude  ami  longitude  of  Wilkes 
Barre  and  Pottsville.  By  Prof.  ('.  L  Doolittle.  Appendix  B:  Theory  of 
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AA.  Atlas  Southern  Anthraci  i'e  Field, Volume  I.PantherCreek* 
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A.  Hill,  A.ssistant  Geologists.     Price,  $1  50;   postage,  fO  12. 

AA.  Atlas  Western  Middle  Anthracite  I'Meld,  Part  1,  1884.  <'<)n- 
tains  11  sheets,  as  follows:  4  mine  sheets  betwifeii  DiUano  and  Locust  Dale,  3 
topographical  sheets  between  (iuakake  .Junction  and   .Mount  (^armel,  and  4 

Note. — *Single  sheets  of  the  Anthracite  Survey,  with  the  exception  of  those 
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(1) 


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AA.  Atlas  Northern  Field,  Part  I,  1SS4.  Contains  G  mine  sheets  be- 
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G-«  Part  II.  Loyalsock  (^oal  Basin,  Sullivan  County.  By  Frank- 
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BITUMINOUS  COAL  FIELDS  AND  SURROUNDING  AREAS. 

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(2) 


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H."    A  REViSION  OF  THE    Bl  TUMINOUS  Co.\  1.    MEASURES  OF    CLEARFIELD 

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land Counties,  west  from  Chestnut  Ridge.     Price,  §1  40  ;  postage,  SO  20. 

K3,  Report  ok  Progress  in  the  Fayette  and  Westmoreland  Dis- 
trict OF  the  Bituminous  Coal  Fields  of  Western  Pennsylvania— 1877.  By 
J.J.Stevenson.  Pp.331.  Partll.  The  Ligonier  Valley.  Illustrated  witli 
107  xvood-cuts,  2  plates,  and  2  county  maps,  colored.  Price,  $1  40 ;  i:)ostage, 
?0  16. 

M,  M2  and  W,  Reports  of  Progress  in  the  Laboratory.  By  An- 
drew 8.  McCreath.    Contains  coal  analyses. 

P.  Report  and  Atlas  of  the  Coal  Flora.     By  Leo  Lesquereux. 

P-.  Report  of  the  Permian  and  Upper  Carboniferous  Flora. 
By  Wm.  M.  Fontaine  and  I.  C.  White.     (See  Miscellaneous  Reports.) 

Q,.  Report  of  Progress  in  the  Beaver  River  District  of  the  Bitu- 
minous Coal  Fields  of  Western  Pennsylvania.  By  I.  C.  White.  Pp. 
3:37,  illustrated  with  3  Geologicai  maps  of  parts  of  Beaver,  Butler,  and  Alle- 
gheny'Counties,  and  21  p^a<es  o/ t'e?'<icai  sections.  1875.  Price,  ?1  40;  post- 
age, ?0  20. 

Q,2.  Report  of  Progress  in  1877.  The  Geology  of  Lawrence  County, 
to  which  is  appended  a  Special  Report  on  the  Correlation  of  the  Coal 
Measures  in  Western  Pennsylvania  and  Ea.stern  Ohio.  8  vo.,  pp.  336,  with 
a  colored  Geological  Maj>  of  the  county,  and  134  vertical  sections.  By  I.  C. 
White.     Price,  ?0  70 ;  postage,  §0  15. 

Q,"-.  Report  of  Progress  in  1878.  The  Geolog}'  of  Mercer  (Bounty, 
by  I.  C.  White,  with  a  colored  geological  maj)  of  county,  and  119  verticjil  sec- 
tions.    8  vo.,  pp.  233.     Price,  ?0  60;  i)o.stage,  SO  11. 

R.  Report  OF  Progre.ss.  The  fieology  of  McK  fan  County,  and  ii.s  con- 
nection with  that  of  Cameron,  Elk,  and  Forest,  with  Atlas  containing  8 
sheets  of  maps  and  .sections.  B3' Chas.  A.  Ashbunier.  Price,  fl  70;  jHwlago, 
10  22. 

T.  Coal  Measure!?,  Blair  county.     By  Franklin  Piatt. 

T^.  Coal  Measures,  Bedford  and  Fulton  Counties.  By  J.  .F.  Ste- 
venson.    (See  Reports  Central  Penn.sylvania.) 

V.  Report  OF  Procjress — 187S.  Part  L  The  Northern  Townships  of  Biil- 
ler  county.  Part  II.  A  special  survey  made  ui  1H75,  along  the  Beav<'r  :in<l 
Shenango  rivers,  in  Beaver,  IjAWRence,  and  Merckr  Counties.  8  vo., 
•  pp.  248,  with  4  ma]>s,  1  i)rofile  .^pcl.ion  and  154  vortical  sections.  By  II.  Mur- 
tyn  Chauce.     Price,  |0  70;  postaj^o,  fO  15. 

(») 


V  .  K i; po KT  o  1'  ruooKKss  in  1S70.  S  vi>.,  pp.  232.  Tlio  (ieology  of  Clar- 
ion CoTNTV,  by  EI.  Martyii  Chance,  witli  colored  <;o()lo<^ical  map  of  county, 
a  map  of  tlio  Anticlinals  and  Oil  Belt,  a  contoured  ma[:!  of  the  Old  River 
Ciiannel  at  Piirker,  S3  local  sections  (ij^urod  in  llie  text,  and  4  page  plates. 
Price,  $0  43 ;  postage,  ?0  12. 

PETROLEUM  FIELDS. 

I.  Ukpoht  of  Progress  ix  thk  Vknanoo  County  District — 1874.  By 
.Tohn  F.  Carll.  With  observations  on  the  Geology  around  Warren,  by  F.  A. 
Rjindall;  an<l  Notes  on  the  Comparative  Geology  of  North-eastern  Ohio  and 
North-western  Pennsylvania,  and  Western  New  York,  by  J.  P.  Lesley.  Svo., 
pp.  127,  witli  2  itiKps,  a  long  section,  and  7  cuts  in  the  text.  Price  in  paper, 
?0  CO:  postag*,  ?0  05. 

I-.  Rki'OKT  of  Progress,  Oil  Wklls,  Records,  and  Levels — lS7()-7. 
By  .lohn  F.  Carll.  Pp.  398.  Published  in  advance  of  Report  of  Progress.  III. 
Price.  ?0  (50 ;  postage,  ?0  IS. 

I'.  Report  of  Progress— 1875  to  1S70.  Geology  of  the. Oil  Regions  of 
Warrex,  Venango,  Clarion,  and  Butler  Counties,  including  surveys 
of  the  Garland  and  Panama  Conglomerates  in  Warren  and  Crawford 
counties,  and  in  Chautauqua  covuity,  New  York,  Avith  descriptions  of  oil  well 
rig  and  tools,  and  a  discussion  of  the  preglacial  and  postglacial  drainage  of  the 
Lake  Erie  Country;  with  Atlas.  With  maps  and  charts  of  Oil  Regions. 
By  John  F.  Carll.     Price,  ?2  30 ;  postage,  ?0  30. 

I'.  Geological  Report  of  Warren  County  and  neighboring  Oil 
Regions,  with  additional  oil  well  records — 1880-3.  Bj' .John  F.  Carll,  with 
colored  geological  map  of  Warren  county,  two  sheets  of  oil  well  sections,  and 
a  map  of  the  Warren  oil  region.     439  pages.     Price,  SI  12 ;  postage,  fO  20. 

J.  Special  Report  on  the  Petroleum  of  Pennsylvania — 1874,  itf 
Production,  Transportation,  Manufacture,  and  Statistics.  By  Henry  E.  Wrig- 
ley.  To  which  are  added  a  Map  and  Profile  of  a  line  of  levels  through  Butler, 
Armstrong,  and  Clarion  Counties,  by  D.  Jones  Luciis:  and  also  a  Map  and 
Protile  of  a  line  of  levels  along  Slippery  Rock  Creek,  by  J.  P.  Lesley'.  S  vo., 
pp.  122;  5  maps  and  sections,  opiate  and  5  cats.  Price  in  j)aper,  ?0  75  ;  post- 
age, 50  06. 

K.  Dunkard  Creek  Oil  District,  Greene  county.  By  J.  J.  Steven- 
son.    (.See  Reports  Bituminous  Coal  Fields.) 

I/.  Appendi.K  II.  A  Report  on  the  Use  of  Natural  Gas  in  Iron 
Manufacture.     By  John  B.  Pearse.     (See  Miscellaneous  Reports.) 

Qi-.  Description  of  Oil  Measures  in  and  adjacent  to  Lawrence 
COUNTY.     Ba'  I.  C.  White.     (See  Reports  Bituminous  Coal  Fields.) 

Q,'.  Description  of  Oil  Measures  in  and  adjacent  to  Eire  and 
Crawford  Counties.  By  I.  C.  White.  (See  Reports  North-western  Penn- 
sylvania.) 

R.  Description  of  the  Bradford  Oil  District  in  McKean  county, 
with  a  reference  to  the  probable  position  of  the  Oil  Sands  in  Elk  county.  By 
Chas.  A.  Ashburner.     (See  Reports  Bituminous  Coal  Fields.) 

V-.  Description  of  the  Oil  Measures  in  Clarion  County.  By  H. 
M.  Chance.     (See  Reports  Bituminous  Coal  Fields.) 

NORTH-WESTERN  PENNSYLVANIA. 

Qi*.  Report  of  Progress — 1879.  The  Geology  of  Erie  and  Crawford 
Counties,  with  tables  of  Ijarometric  lieights  in  each  township,  and  notes  on 
the  place  of  the  Sharon  Conglomerate  in  the  Palaeozoic  series.     By  I.  C. 

(•1) 


White.  Also,  the  fiiscovery  of  ihe  Preulacial  Outlet  of  Lakk  Erie, 
with  two  maps  of  the  Lake  Region.  By  J .  W.  Sjieucer,  Ph.  D.  Price,  ?1  17  ; 
postage.  ?0  18. 

I,  I  ,  13.  I',  0,3,  V,  V2  and  R.  Petroleum  Region  Reports.  BA'Johu 
F.  Caill,  I.  C.  White,  H.  M.  Chance,  and  Chas.  A.  Ashburuer. 

CENTRAL   PENNSYLVANIA. 

F.  Report  of  Progress  in  the  Juniata  District  on  Fossil  Iron  Ore 
Beds  of  Middle  Pennsylvania.  By  John  H.  Dewees.  With  a  report  of  the 
AuGHWicK  Valley  and  East  Broad  Top  District.  By  C.  A.  Ash- 
burner.  1874-8.  Illustrated  with  7  Geological  maps  and  19  sections.  S  vo., 
pp.  305.     Price,  §2  55 :  postage,  SO  20. 

G.  Report  of  Progress  in  Bradford  and  Tioga  Counties.  By 
Andrew  Sherwood.     (See  Reports  Bituminous  Coal  Fields.) 

G-,  Report  of  Progress.  Geology  of  LiYComing  and  Sullivan 
Counties.  I.  Field  Notes  by  Andrew  Sherwood.  II.  Coal  Basins,  by 
Franklin  Piatt.  With  two  colored  geological  county  maps  and  numerous 
illustrations.    8  vo.,  pp.  268.     Price,  $1  06 ;  postage,  ?0  14. 

G'  Report  OF  Progress  IN  Clinton  County.  By  H.  M.  Chance.  (See 
Reports  Bituminous  Coal  Plelds.) 

G'.  Report  of  Progress.  The  Geology  in  the  Susquehanna 
River  Region  in  the  Six  Counties  of  Wyoming,  Lackawanna,  Lu- 
zerne, Columbia,  Montour,  and  Northumberland.  By  I.  C.  White. 
W^ith  a  colored  Geological  Map  in  2  sheets;  and  31  page  plates  in  text.  Pp. 
464.     Price,  gO  85 ;  postage,  $0  20. 

T.  Report  of  Progress.  Geology  of  Blair  County,  with  35  illustra- 
trations  and  an  Atlas  of  14  sheets  of  the  colored  map  of  Morrison's  Cove, 
&c. ;  1  index  sheet,  and  2  sheets  of  colored  sections.  By  Franklin  Piatt. 
Price  of  Report  and  Atlas,  §4  55  ;  postage,  $0  28. 

T-'.  Report  of  Progress — 1882.  The  geology  of  Bedford  and  Fulton 
Counties.  By  J.  J.  Stevenson.  8  vo.,  pp.  382.  Illustrated  with  2  colored 
geological  majjs.     Price,  80  80  ;  postage,  10  20. 

NORTH-EASTERN  PENNSYLVANIA. 

G'.  Report  of  Procuress.  The  Geology  of  Susquehanna  County 
AND  Wayne  County.  By  I.  ('.  White.  Pp.243,  witli  Geologiwil  map  and 
58  sections.     Price,  ZO  70 ;   postage,  $0  12. 

G  .  Report  of  Progress,  1881.  The  Geology  of  Pike  and  Monroe 
Counties.  By  I.  C.  Wliite.  8  vo.,  pp.  407.  Illustrated  witli  colored  Geo- 
lof/tcal  county  maps,  a  inap  of  glacial  scratches,  and  7  small  sections.  Also 
special  surveys  of  the  Delaware  and  TiEHioH  Water  Gaps.  By  If.  .M. 
Chance,  with  2  contoured  majts  of  Water  <  Japs,  and  5  detailed  sections.  I'ricc, 
fl  15;  p(Wtage,  fO  15. 

G".  The  Geology  in  the  Su.squehanna  (North  Branch)  Rivkr 
Region  in  the  Six  Counties  of   Wyoming,  LA<MiAWANNA,  Luzkhne, 

(;OLUMBIA,  Mo.NTOUR,  NORTHUMBERLAND,  (CXClUSive  of  A  NTH  UACITE  RE- 
GION.)    By  I.  C.  White.     (See  Reports  Central  Pennsylvania.) 

G.  Report  of  Pro<4Ress  in  Bradford  and  Tioga  Counties.  By 
Andrew  Sherwood.     (See  Reports  Bituminous  Coal  Fields.) 

A2,  AA,  and  AC.  Anthra(,mte  Region  Reports.  By  Franklin  Flatt, 
Cha.s.  A.  Ashburuer,  and  II.  M.  Chance.   (.See  Reports  Anthracite  Coal  Fiehls.) 

(5) 


SOUTH-EASTERN  PENNSYLVANIA. 

C.    KKTOKT    ok     PKOiiUKSS    ON    YoKK     ANM>     AUAMS     Ct)UNTIKS — 1S74.       Bv 

Persil'or  Krazer.  8vo.,  pp.  198,  illustrateil  liy  S  maps  and  sections  ami  other 
illustrations.     Price  in  paper,  f()  s.'>  ;  i»ostaj;;e,  fO  10. 

C  .  Kkport  ot*  Prouhkss  in  thk  CoiNTiKs  OK  York,  Adams,  Cumbkr- 
i.ANO,  ANo  Franklin— 187.").  Illustrated  by  maps  and  croxs-seclions,  show- 
ing the  Mairnetio  and  Miciiceous  Ore  Ik-It  near  the  western  edsje  of  the  Meso- 
zoie  Sandstone  and  the  two  Azoic  systems  consiitutinii  the  iniiss  of  the  South 
Mountains,  with  a  preliminary  discussion  on  the  lUi-LsBi'Rtj  Ork  Hkd  and 
Gualoiiue  of  specimens  collected  in  187o.  By  Peisifor  Frazer.  Price,  ?1  25: 
postaiie,  ?t1  12. 

C^.  Report  of  Progress  in  1877.  The  Geology  of  Lancaster  Cor nty, 
with  an  atlas  containing  a  colored  geologic^il  map  of  the  county,  local  map  ot 
the  Gap  Nickel  Mine,  map  anil  sections  of  the  East  Bank  of  Susquehanna 
River ;  other  geological  sections  across  the  county,  and  geologic  d  colored  maps 
of  York  and  Lanc^vster  counties.  By  Persifor  Frazer.  8  vo.,  pp.  350.  Price 
of  Report  and  Athis,  $2  £0 :   postage.  50  2,5. 

C.  Geology  of  Chester  County,  after  the  surveys  of  Henry  D.  Rogers, 
Persifor  Frazer  and  Charles  E.  Hall,  edited  by  J.  P.  Lesley— with  a  colored 
geological  map  of  the  county,  three  lithographic  jdates  and  maps,  and  sections 
in  the  text.     Price,  ?0  75;  postage,  SO  18. 

C'^.  Report  of  Progress.  Geology  of  Philadelphia  County,  and 
OF  THE  Southern  Parts  of  Montgomery  and  Bucks.  By  Charles  E. 
Hall.  Pp.  145,  with  Geological  map.  sheet  of  colored  cross-sections,  and  24 
page  cuts.     Price,  ?1  65:  postage,  ?0  13. 

D.  Report  ok  Progress  in  the  Brown  Hematite  Ore  Ranges  of  Le- 
high County— 1874,  with  descriptions  of  mines  lying  between  Emaus,  AI- 
burtis,  and  Fogelsville.  By  Frederick  Prime.  Jr.  Svo.,  pp.  7o,  with  a  contour- 
line  map  and  S  cuts.     Price  in  paper,  $0  50 ;  postage,  ?0  04. 

D2.  The  Brown  Hematite  Deposits  of  the  Siluro-Cambrian  Lime- 
stones OF  Lehigh  County,  lying  between  Shimersville,  Millerstown, 
Schencksville,  Ballietsville,  and  the  Lehigh  river- 1875-6.  By  Frederick 
Prime,  Jr.  8  vo.,  pp.  99,  with  5  maji-sheets  and  5  plates.  Price,  §1  60:  post- 
age, ?0  12. 

D^.  Vol.  L  Report  of  Progress.  Geology  of  Lehigh  and  North- 
ampton Counties.  General  introduction,  by  J.  P.  Lesley.  Slate  Belt  and 
Quarries,  by  R.  A.  Sanders.  Water  Gaps,  by  H.  M.  Chance.  Limestone  Belt 
ami  Iron  Ore  Mines,  by  F.  Prime.  South  Mountain  Rocks,  by  F.  Prime. 
Itinerarj'  Survey,  by  C.  E.  Hall.  Three  lithograph  and  3  artot\'pe  views  of 
quarries,  and  an  atla.**.     Pp.  283.     Price,  SO  65  :  postage,  ?0  13. 

D-.  Vol.  II.  Part  I.  Report  of  Progress.  Geology  of  the  South 
Mountain  Belt  of  Berks  County'.  By  E.  V.  D'Invilliers.  Illustrated 
by  18  page  plates  in  the  text,  and  by  the  maps  in  the  Atlas.  Pp.  441.  Price, 
Zo  55 ;  jxjstage,  SO  18. 

D^.  Volumes  I  and  II,  Atlas,  containing  a  colored  contour  map  of  Southern 
Northampton  on  6  sheets,  a  contour  map  of  the  mountain  on  18  sheets,  a  geo- 
logical index  map  on  1  sheet,  a  colored  geologic il  map  of  Northampton 
and  Lehigh  Counties,  and  4  maps  of  Iron  Mines  in  Berks  County. 
Price,  ?2  80 ;  postage,  SO  17. 

D'.  Maps  of  Adams,  Franklin,  and  Cumberland  Counties.  South 
Mountain  sheets  A^,  A^,  B^  and  B^.  By  A.  E.  Lehman.  Price,  SI  25;  post- 
age, SO  08. 

(6) 


E.  Sri;(  lAi-  ItKi'oKT  on  the  Tuap  I)ykks  and  Azoic  Rocks  of  South- 
Eastkkn  Pknn.syiaania— 187.").  Part  I,  Historical  Introduction.  By  T. 
Sterry  Hunt.     8  vo.,  pp.  203.     Price,  $0  48;  postage,  ?0  12. 

MISCELLANEOUS  REPORTS. 

A.  lIisioitiCAL,  8KKTOH  OK  (iK«)i.o(u<A  I,  10  X  PF^oKATloNH  ill  Pennsylvania 
an<l  other  States.  By  J.  P.  Lesley.  With  appontlix,  containing  Annual 
Keports  lor  1874  anil  187.")  ;  pp.  226,  8vo.     Pri(re  in  paper,  ?K)  2") ;   postage,  ?0  0*5. 

B.  PUKblMINAJtV     RkI'ORT    OK     THK    MiNKUAI.OOV    OK    PkNNMYIAANIA  — 

1874.  By  Dr.  F.  A.  (Jenth.  With  appendix  on  the  hy<lro-(!{irhon  compounds, 
by  Samuel  P.  Sadtlor.  8vo.,  pp.  2()f),  with  vi<ij>  of  tlie  State  for  reference  to 
counties.  Price  in  i)aper,  ?0  50;  i)ostage,  5?0  08.  Price  in  cloth,  80  7.'3 ;  post- 
ago,  $0  10. 

li.  187.") — Si'KCIAIj  RkPOIII'  on  TIIK  CoKR  MANtTKACTunK  OF  THK  YOTTOH- 
lOUHKNY     RlVKll     VaIjLKY    IN    Fa  YKTTK    AND    WkHT  MOKK  LAN  D    (V)IINTIE8, 

with  Geological  Notcnoftho  Coal  and  Iron  Ore  Beds,  from  Survey's,  by  Charles 
A.  Young;  l)y  Franklin  Piatt.  To  which  are  ajjponded:  I.  A  Rei)ort  on 
iMethods  of  Coking,  l)y  John  Fulton.  II.  A  Report  on  the  useof  Natural  <iji8 
in  the  Iron  Manufacture,  by  .lohn  B.  Pearse,  Franklin  Piatt,  and  Profes.sor 
Sadtler.     Pp.252.     Price,  J>1  00;  postage,  SO  13. 

M.  Rkpokt  of  PuoaREss  in  the  Labokatouy  ok  the  Sukvky  at 
Hakkisiujro — 1874-5.  By  Andrew  H.  McCreath.  8  vo.,  pp.  105.  Price  in 
pap(!r,  $i)  50  :  postage,  $0  05. 

M-.  Second  Repoiit  of  Prooress  in  the  Laboratory  ok  iiii:  Sur- 
vey, at  Harrisl)urg,  by  Andrew  S.  McCreath — 187f)-8,  including  1.  CMiwsi/iai- 
tion  of  Coals,  by  Persifor  Frazer.  II,  Firebricik  Tests,  by  Franklin  Piatt. 
III.  Notes  on  Dolomiti<;  Limestones,  by  J.  P.  Lesley.  IV.  Utilization  of  An- 
thracite Slack,  by  Franklin  Piatt.  V.  Determination  of  Carbon  in  Iron  or 
Steel,  l)y  A.  S.  McOeatli.  With  3  indexes,  plate,  and  4  page  platcH.  Pp.  438. 
Price  ill  clotli,  $0  65  ;  postage,  $0  18. 

M.-.  Third  Report  of  Proorehs  in  the  Ijaroratorv  of  the  Survey, 
at  Ilarrisburg.  Analyses,  ifec,  &c.  By  Andrew  S.  M<;Creath.  Pp.  12(5,  with 
2  indexes  anil  map.     Price,  $0  40;  postage,  fO  10. 

N.  Rki'oki'  of  pROdREss — 187.5-6-7.  Two  Hundred  Tari.es  of  lOi, eva- 
tion  AMOVE  Ti  de-Levee  of  tlie  Railroad  Stations,  Sunnnils  and  'I'mmels; 
(^anal  Lo(!ks  and  Dams,  River  Ridles,  A'c,  in  and  around  Pennsylvania;  witli 
map:  p[).  279.      By  (Miarles  Allen.     Price,  |>0  70 ;   postage,  fO  15. 

O,  Catai.o(hie  <>v  the  (Jeoeooioai,  Miihuem  — 1874-.5-6-7.  Wy  CbarleH  10. 
Hall.  Part  I.  Colbictionof  Ro(;k  Sj)ecimens.  Nos.  1  to  4,264.  Pi<.217.  Prirte, 
JO  40;    postage,  ?0  10. 

0-.  Cataloohe  of  the  GKf)M>oi('Ai- Museuai.  liyCliarles  I''.  Hall.  I'art 
II.  1.  Collections  of  rock  sf)Ocimeiis,  Nos.  42(55  to  8071.  2.  I'aheontological 
sjxifiimens.     Price,  $0  40  ;   postage,  fO  12. 

p.   1879— Repori-   and  Ati.as  of  the  ("oai,  I''i,(>ka  ok  I'ennsvevania 

AND    OF    THE     CaRHOMFEROUS      FORMATION      Til  ROIMI  HOtlT      IllE     UNITED 

States.  By  Leo  Lesqueroux.  PriiiO  of  Report,  fO  80  ;  postage,  ?0  28.  Pri(!i» 
r)f  Atlas,  ?3  .-{5;    jjostage.  fO  22. 

P-'.  The  Permian  or  Upper  Carhoniferous  I'i.oua  of  WEsr  Vik- 
niNiA  and  S.  W,  I'ennhyi.vania,  with  38  plates.  By  Win.  M.  l'"oiilaiiie, 
M.  A.,  and  I.  C  W^hito,  A.  M.     Pricie,  |2  25;    jioHlage,  fO  17. 


Other   Reports  of  the  Survey  are  in  the  liandH  of  the  siule   Prinict,   and 
will  H<M)n  be  published. 

(7) 


The  sale  of  the  rejKirts  is  oonduoted  in  aoooniaiice  with  the  provisions  of 
Section  10  of  the  Act  of  the  14th  day  of  May.  1S74,  wiiich  directs  that  copies 
of  the  Reports,  with  all  maps  and  supplements,  shall  1)6  furnished  at  coat  of 
}>uf>lic(ition  to  all  applicants  for  t/iCin. 

All  the  printed  volumes  and  maps  in  stock  have  heen  transterred  hy  the 
Board  of  Commissioners  to  the  Department  of  Internal  A  Hairs,  where  the 
sales  thereof  will  hereafter  be  conducted. 

Conununicjitions  relating;  to  the  work  of  the  Survey  should  be  addressed  to 
.7.  P.  Lesley,  .St^ite  Geologist,  No.  1008  Clinton  street,  Philadelphia,  and  those 
intended  for  the  Board  of  Commissioners,  to  William  A.  Ingham,  Secretary, 
No.  907  Walnut  street,  Philadelphia. 

All  letters  and  orders  concerning  the  purchase  of  Reports  and  remittances 
for  the  same,  should  be  addressed  to, 

J.  SIMPSON  AFRICA, 
Secretary  of  Tnternal  Affairs, 
Harrisburg-  Pa. 

April  1,  1884. 


(8) 


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REPORT  P.  3.       PLATE  VI. 


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Oco.   B.  Simpson,   Dci 


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